II. D - Mitosis

• Mitosis - type of cell division that produces two genetically identical cells
• Interphase is divided into

  1. G1-phase
  2. S-phase
  3. G2-phase
• Nuclear division is divided into 2:

  1. Mitosis - nuclear division
  2. Cytokinesis - partitioning the cytoplasm to form 2 daughter cells
• There are 4 stages in mitosis:

  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
• Identifying interphase

  • Intact nucleus and nucleoli
  • Uncoiled chromosomes
  • Presence of chromatin within the chromosomes
• Identifying prophase

  • Condensed chromatin fibers
  • Disintegration of the nuclear membrane and nucleoli
• Identifying metaphase

  • Chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers and at the middle of the cell
  • Nuclear envelope is gone
  • Dyad chromosomes are in their most condensed state
• Identifying anaphase

  • Paired centromeres separate toward the opposite poles
  • Sister chromatids separate
  • Monad chromosomes are present
  • Movement is facilitated by spindle fibers
• Identifying telophase

  • Chromosomes uncoil into chromatin
  • Nuclear envelope starts to form
• Types of cytokinesis (plants vs animals)

  • Plants - forms a cell plate that turns into the middle lamella
  • Animals - constriction in the plasma membrane forms the cleavage furrow