Chapter 20

• Pan-America


  international organization for cooperation on trade and other issues. They were first introduced by James G. Blaine of Maine in order to establish closer ties between the United States and its southern neighbor
• Seward Folly


  The name given to the purchase of Alaska in 1867 for $7.2 million by _______ _____. American saw no value in in Alaskan land
• Alfred Thayer Mahan


  American Naval officer and historian. He is most famous for his book "The Influence of Sea Power on History" (1890) which defined Naval strategy. Argued strong navy = successful foreign expansion (securing foreign markets and becoming a world power)
• Henry Cabot Lodge


  A Republican senator from Massachusetts who passed the corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. He also led a group of senators during Woodrow Wilson's presidency known as the "reservationists" during the 1919 debate over the League of Nations.
• Jingoism


  extreme (sometimes irrational) patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy
• yellow journalism


  This would be like the National Enquirer today. It was a type of colorful and exaggerated writing that some say triggered the Spanish American War.
• deLome Letter


  This was a note from the Spanish minister basically criticizing our President and calling McKinley a politician. We couldn't have that! We must declare War!
• Remember the Maine


  This is when a U.S. battleship was sunk in Havana Harbor. The yellow press accused Spain of blowing up the ship, even though experts later concluded that the explosion was an accident. It was an instigator in the Spanish American War.
• Platt Amendment


  This is when the U.S. tells Cuba, sure, we will give you independence, as long as we are overseeing your government and economy and we can intervene if we need to.
• Rough Riders


  This was the "troop" led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War. It is a little interesting because, despite their name, not many horses made it to Cuba.
• Emilio Aguinaldo


  Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He helped the U.S. fight in the Spanish American War, kind of assuming we would give them their freedom after, but...we didn't.
• Jones Act


  1916-Act which granted full territorial status to the Philippines, guaranteed a bill of rights and universal male suffrage, as well as Philippine independence as soon as a stable government was established (TBD by the U.S. which didn't happen for 30 years)
• Treaty of Paris


  Ends the Spanish American War and gives the U.S. much of Spain's "empire" including Guam, Puerto Rico, and the ability to "watch over Philippines and Cuba.
• Hay-Pauncefote Treaty


  An agreement in which the U.S would receive exclusive rights to construct and control a canal in Central America. It nullified the 1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, thus allowing the Panama Canal to be built.
• Roosevelt Corollary


  This extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South and Central America by using military force, first put into effect in Dominican Republic. It basically said to European powers "Stay out of the Western Hemisphere, or we will keep you out." It came with a Big Stick
• Open Door


  John Hay created this policy which stated that all nations would have equal opportunities in China. Nations didn't necessarily agree nor reject the policy so Hay assumed every nation would follow the policy. It was a result of the "spheres of influence" idea.
• Boxer Rebellion


  A movement started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils" when they kidnapped and killed missionaries and Chinese Christians (including women, children and nuns). It was ended by British troops. Their aim was to end foreign influence in the country.
• "Gentlemen's agreement"


  The Japanese government agreed to limit immigration of unskilled workers to the United States in exchange for the repeal of discrimination laws in U.S. schools
• Root-Takahara Agreement


  1908 - Japan / U.S. agreement in which both nations agreed to respect each other's territories in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door policy in China.
• Dollar Diplomacy


  Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically, it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.