biology 4

• Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth, including all living organisms.
• Areas near places like factories are harder for species to grow because it's much more polluted around areas like that which means its harder for species to adapt to surviving there.
• Bioaccumulation is a process of accumulation of chemicals in an organism that takes place if the rate of intake exceeds the rate of excretion.
• Herbicides are chemicals that kill plants
• Herbicides can be selective to some species, but some can also kill other plants
• Killing weeds can sometimes result in a decrease in biodiversity
• A quadrat is used to randomly determine the populations of some organisms. 

   

  The total number of each species present is recorded. 

   

  The process is repeated at further random locations in the same habitat. 
• Population – a group of organisms of the same species living in the same habitat at the same time 
• root hair cells are white when viewed under a microscope.  

   
• Leaf cells have loads of chloroplasts but root hair cells don’t
• A root hair cell has a large vacuole  
• Depending on the type of plant, the roots can grow in different ways to make use of resources available. 

   
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  Along the length of each root are millions of tiny cells known as root hair cells. 

  These have a long protrusion and a large vacuole. 
• plants store glucose in the form of starch. 

   
• When a human consumes more energy than they expend, the excess glucose can be stored as fat. 
•  the rate of photosynthesis will go up until limited by another factor 
• Plants are autotrophs, which means they produce their own food.
• plants use the process of photosynthesis to transform water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into oxygen, and simple sugars that the plant uses as fuel.
• Glucose comes from photosynthesis.
• Glucose is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
• Plants carry out photosynthesis to produce glucose
• leaf cells absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. 
• stomata open during daylight hours when it's warm and close at night when its cold.
• the stoma allows gases such as CO2 and O2 to enter or leave the leaf.
• The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy from the sun.
• The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy from the sun.
• the stomata are closed by guard cells which have chloroplasts inside them so they can still make food even though there isn’t any light.
• The stomata are controlled by the guard cells which contain chloroplasts so they can still make food even if there isn’t any light.
• Overfishing is the name given to the action as fishers collectively catch too many fish in the ocean
• overfishing has led to some species becoming endangered because their populations have been reduced below sustainable levels
• increased fishing pressure on certain species means that it takes longer for those species to recover once they have been fished out
• fish stocks are being depleted at an alarming rate
• fish stocks are being depleted at an alarming rate
• some fisheries have collapsed completely due to overfishing
• Overfishing is the name given to the action as fishers collectively catch too many fish in the ocean
• An omnivore is an organism that regularly consumes a variety of material
• A carnivore is an animal that eats other animals, usually meat.
• the food chain shows how energy flows through different levels of living things within an ecosystem
• a herbivore is an animal that feeds only on plants
• the food chain shows how energy flows through different levels of living things within an ecosystem