Tissue

• Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that provides cushioning and support to joints.
• Functions in absorption, secretion, and filtration. Very thin.
• There are four types of epithelia based on shape: simple squamous (thin), simple cuboidal (cube-shaped), simple columnar (tall), and stratified (multiple layers).
• Simple Columnar Epithelium - Tall cells with nuclei near the base, found in digestive tract, uterus, and respiratory system.
• Simple Cuboidal Epithelium - Cells have a cube shape, found in ducts of glands and tubules of organs like ovaries and testes.
• Simple Squamous Epithelium - Thinnest layer with flat cells, found in blood vessels, lungs, kidneys, and lining the heart.
• The epithelium covers the surface of organs and lines body cavities and tubes.
• Stratified Squamous Epithelium - Multiple layers of flat cells, found in skin, mouth, esophagus, vagina, and anus.
• Pseudostratifies columnar epithelium - All cells rest on a basement membrane. Found in respiratory tract, where it is ciliated and known as pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
• Epithelial tissue has no blood supply or nerve connections.
• Connective tissues are made up of fibers that support other tissues and bind them together.
• Stratified Epithelia - Function primarily in protection
• Stratified squamous epithelium - Most common stratified epithelium
• stratified squamous epithelium - Functions as a protective covering where friction is common.
• stratifies squamous epithelium - found in the linings of the skin, mouth, and, esophagus.
• Stratified cuboidal epithelium — two layers of cuboidal cells; functions in protection
• Stratified columnar epithelium —surface cells are columnar, and cells underneath vary in size and shape; functions in protection
• Stratified cuboidal and columnar - Rare in the human body and Found mainly in ducts of large glands
• Transitional epithelium - composed of modified stratified squamous epithelium.
• Transitional epithelium - Functions in stretching and the ability to return to normal shape. Can be foun in the lining of urinary system organs
• Glandular epithelia - One or more cells responsible for secreting a particular product which contains protein molecules in an aqueous (water-based) fluid.
• Endocrine and exocrine glands are the two major types develop from epithelial sheets.
• Endocrine glands - Ductless; secretions (hormones) diffuse into blood vessels
• Exocrine glands - Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface
• Exocrine glands - Include sweat and oil glands, liver, and pancreas (both internal and external)
• Examples of Endocrine glands


  thyroid, adrenals, and pituitary
• Examples of endocrine 


  sweat and oil glands, liver, and pancreas (both internal and external)
• The Connective tissue is Found everywhere in the body to connect body parts.
• The functions of the Connective tissue is to protect, support, and bind.
• The connective tissue includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues
• vascular - with blood supply
• avascular - no blood supply
• variations in blood supply: vascular and avascular
• Extracellular matrix is the nonliving material that surrounds living cells
• Two main elements of the extracellular matrix: Ground substance and Fibers
• Types of connective tissue from most rigid to softest, or most fluid: bone, cartillage, dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue, blood
• The bone supports an protects the body
• The cartilage is less hard and more flexible than bone and found only a few places in the body.
• In cartilage, the Chondrocyte or cartilage cell is the major cell type.
• Three types of cartilage: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage.