topic 3

• detente in the 1970s

  easing of tensions between nations
• salt 1

  limited the number of nuclear weapons the superpowers had
• helsinki agreements

  1975, aimed to improve east-west relations, with commitment to human rights, economic cooperation, and security in europe
• salt 2

  reduce nuclear weapons, us ratified - soviet invasion - afghanistan
• gorbachev's 'new thinking'

  reformer, glasnost = openness, perestroika = restructuring
• summit conferences

  1985-90
• geneva 1985

  first meeting between reagan and gorbachev ; began nuclear arms talks
• reykjovik 1986

  failed to reach agreement on arms limitation
• washington 1987

  intermediate nuclear forces (inf) treaty signed
• washington 1990

  agreed on treaty for reduction and limitation of strategic arms (start) -> reduce strategic forces
• inf treaty, 1987

  elimination of intermediate and short-range missiles
• soviet invasion of afghanistan, 1979

  brezhnev wanted to shut down islamic fundamentalism and mujahideen
• reagan and the 'second cold war'

  had no interest in detente and wanted to shut down the soviet union and communism
• strategic defence initiative (sdi)

  us anti-ballistic missile system to prevent missile attacks
• the impact of gorbachev's 'new thinking' on eastern europe

  rejected brezhnev doctrine and accepted warsaw pact members to make changes to their own countries
• sinatra doctrine

  countries where communist rule collapsed
• the fall of the berlin wall

  1989, west and east germany were formally reunited in october 1990
• chernobyl

  disaster
• the collapse of the soviet union

  gorbachev resigned in 1991 and the soviet union split into several independent states
• the end of the warsaw pact and cold war

  1989, communism was still undefeated, warsaw pact ended in 1991, soviet union fell in 1991, which ended the rivalry between communism in the east and capitalism in the west