nervous systems ability to change its structure and function as a result of experience and in response to injury
communication in the brain
In neuron: electrical message
Between neuron's: chemical message
Brain uses electrochemical energy
neurogenesis (neuron generate)
production of new neurons during early development of the nervous system and throughout the lifespan
nervous system
nerves
nervous tissue
nervous system
neural migration
the movement of newly formed neuron's to their final destination in nervous system
synaptogenesis
process by which new synapses are formed between neuron's
synaptic pruning
process of removing extra, weak or unused synaptic connections to increase the efficiency of neural transmission
myelination
the process of protecting and insulating neurons by coating the axon in a white fatty substance called myelin
myelin
protects and insulates axon
myelination
increases the speed at which the electrical impulse travels within the neuron
brain changes during normal aging
structural changes
cognitive changes
structural changes
decrease in brain volume
deterioration in myelin
reduced synaptic connections
thinning of cerebral cortex
decline in adult neurogenesis
cognitive changes
slower processing stimuli
decline in multitasking ability
decline in attention
slower recall of words and names
decline in newly information memory recall
getting best our of your brain strategies
mental stimulation
healthy diet
physical activity
social support
risk reduction
the impact of experience
research indicates that a persons environment and experiences shapes their neural circuit development and impacts their brain development and plasticity throughout their life span
adaptive plasticity
changes in the brain due to learning or relearning after brain injury
occurs over the life span
adaptive plasticity impact on behaviour
allows brain to adapt to changing environmental circumstances or to loss of function following brain injury
adaptive plasticity processes
rerouting
sprouting
rerouting
involves an undamaged neuron that has lost connection with a damaged neuron connecting with another neuron
rerouting
new neural connections are made between active neurons to create alternate pathways
occurs when there is damage to a neuron
sprouting
refers to the creation of new connections between neurons
sprouting
new axon terminals and dendrites grow which allow neurons to form new connections
allows for more synaptic connections
occurs due to learning
structural changes
result of rerouting and sprouting of synapses
between brain neurons to allow brain to adapt to environmental changes or injury
acquired brain injury (ABI)
is brain damage caused by events after birth that affects the functional ability of the brains nerve cell
ABI affects
portion of brain cells are destroyed or deteriorating
resulting in forms of impairment or dysfunction
traumatic brain injury (TBI)
external force damages brain cells and causes dysfunction
fall, assault, accidents
non - traumatic brain injury (NTBI)
internal force damages brain cells and causes dysfunction
stroke, tumour, infection
biological functioning
refers to the way the body and its various components operate
biological functioning
involuntary physical behaviour
voluntary physical behavious
psychological functioning involves
cognitive abilities
perceptual abilities
emotional abilities
communication
understanding
social functioning
refers to our interactions with our environment
ability to perform everyday social tasks appropriately
maintain social life
spatial neglect due to parietal lobe injury
failing to notice anything either on their left or right side