chapter 5

Subdecks (2)

Cards (57)

  • neuroplasticity
    nervous systems ability to change its structure and function as a result of experience and in response to injury
  • communication in the brain
    • In neuron: electrical message
    • Between neuron's: chemical message
    • Brain uses electrochemical energy
  • neurogenesis (neuron generate)

    production of new neurons during early development of the nervous system and throughout the lifespan
  • nervous system
    • nerves
    • nervous tissue
    • nervous system
  • neural migration
    the movement of newly formed neuron's to their final destination in nervous system
  • synaptogenesis
    process by which new synapses are formed between neuron's
  • synaptic pruning
    process of removing extra, weak or unused synaptic connections to increase the efficiency of neural transmission
  • myelination
    the process of protecting and insulating neurons by coating the axon in a white fatty substance called myelin
  • myelin
    protects and insulates axon
  • myelination
    increases the speed at which the electrical impulse travels within the neuron
  • brain changes during normal aging
    • structural changes
    • cognitive changes
  • structural changes
    • decrease in brain volume
    • deterioration in myelin
    • reduced synaptic connections
    • thinning of cerebral cortex
    • decline in adult neurogenesis
  • cognitive changes
    • slower processing stimuli
    • decline in multitasking ability
    • decline in attention
    • slower recall of words and names
    • decline in newly information memory recall
  • getting best our of your brain strategies
    • mental stimulation
    • healthy diet
    • physical activity
    • social support
    • risk reduction
  • the impact of experience
    research indicates that a persons environment and experiences shapes their neural circuit development and impacts their brain development and plasticity throughout their life span
  • adaptive plasticity
    • changes in the brain due to learning or relearning after brain injury
    • occurs over the life span
  • adaptive plasticity impact on behaviour

    allows brain to adapt to changing environmental circumstances or to loss of function following brain injury
  • adaptive plasticity processes
    • rerouting
    • sprouting
  • rerouting
    involves an undamaged neuron that has lost connection with a damaged neuron connecting with another neuron
  • rerouting
    • new neural connections are made between active neurons to create alternate pathways
    • occurs when there is damage to a neuron
  • sprouting
    refers to the creation of new connections between neurons
  • sprouting
    • new axon terminals and dendrites grow which allow neurons to form new connections
    • allows for more synaptic connections
    • occurs due to learning
  • structural changes
    • result of rerouting and sprouting of synapses
    • between brain neurons to allow brain to adapt to environmental changes or injury
  • acquired brain injury (ABI)
    is brain damage caused by events after birth that affects the functional ability of the brains nerve cell
  • ABI affects
    • portion of brain cells are destroyed or deteriorating
    • resulting in forms of impairment or dysfunction
  • traumatic brain injury (TBI)
    • external force damages brain cells and causes dysfunction
    • fall, assault, accidents
  • non - traumatic brain injury (NTBI)
    • internal force damages brain cells and causes dysfunction
    • stroke, tumour, infection
  • biological functioning
    refers to the way the body and its various components operate
  • biological functioning
    • involuntary physical behaviour
    • voluntary physical behavious
  • psychological functioning involves
    • cognitive abilities
    • perceptual abilities
    • emotional abilities
    • communication
    • understanding
  • social functioning
    • refers to our interactions with our environment
    • ability to perform everyday social tasks appropriately
    • maintain social life
  • spatial neglect due to parietal lobe injury
    • failing to notice anything either on their left or right side
  • spatial neglect
    • attentional disorder
    • result of stroke or injury to right parietal lobe
    • injury to right parietal lobe affects left side
  • aphasia
    acquired language impairment
  • brocas aphasia
    • result of damage to brocas area
    • speech impairment
    • language disorder
    • comprehension not affected
  • wernickes aphasia
    • result of damage to wernickes area
    • speech comprehension impairment