Endrocrine System

• The hypothalamus is located above the pituitary
• What does the hypothalamus secrete?

  ADH
• What do osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect?

  Water levels
• What is the name of the receptors in the hypothalamus that detect low water levels?

  Osmoreceptors
• What gland is in this image?

  Pituitary

  
• The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus
• Hyper-secretion in pituitary gland:

  • In children = overdevelopment of skeleton (giantism)
  • In adults = acromegaly
• What is a butterfly shaped gland on the trachea below the larynx?

  Thyroid
• What is the gland in this image?

  Thyroid

  
• Which gland is below the larynx?

  Thyroid
• What does the thyroid secrete?

  thyroxin
• What does the thyroid increase?

  Basal metabolic rate
• The thyroid maintains the normal functioning of the heart and neutrons
• What is the pancreas attached to?

  Small intestine
• Pancreas function:

  • Both endocrine and exocrine gland
  • endocrine = islets if Langerhans
  • exocrine = pancreatic duct
• Function of adrenal gland:

  
  

  Aldosterone:

  • Causes reabsorption of sodium ions
  • Vital for osmoregulation
  • Cortisol increases boys' resistance to stress, also anti-inflammatory
• What hormones does the adrenal gland secrete?

  Aldosterone and adrenaline
• Which hormone causes reabsorption of sodium ions?

  Aldosterone
• What gland is in this image?

  Ovaries

  
• What gland is attached to the uterus?

  Ovaries
• What two hormones do the ovaries produce?

  Oestrogen and progesterone
• What hormone produced by the ovaries is responsible for secondary sex characteristics?

  Oestrogen
• Which hormone keeps the smooth muscles of the uterus relaxed during pregnancy?

  Progesterone
• What gland is in this image?

  Testes

  
• Template answer for all endocrine /homeostasis processes

  A) Stimulus

  B) Receptor

  C) Control center

  D) Corrective measure

  E) Effectors

  F) Response to stimulus

  G) Return to norm

  H) Result

  
• Name the structure that produces oestrogen.

  Graafian follicle
• Name the structure that produces progesterone.

  Corpus Luteum
• Provide the function of progesterone:

  1. Makes the endometrium thicker and more vascular
  2. Maintains the endometrium
• Provide the function of insulin:

  
  

  Reduces the level of sugar in the blood
• Provide the function of glucagon: Increases the level of sugar in the blood.
• Which region of the adrenal gland is responsible for producing adrenaline?

  Medulla
• Which region of the adrenal gland is responsible for producing aldosterone?

  Cortex
• Glucose is stored as glycogen via the secretion of insulin
• Glycogen is converted into glucose due to glucagon