MLSP

• Proper storage and handling of hazardous materials is crucial to maintain laboratory safety.
• Biohazard symbol denotes the presence of biohazardous materials, which can include microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as toxins and other harmful substances

  
• The biohazard symbol is often used in conjunction with other safety symbols, such as the skull and crossbones symbol, to indicate the presence of hazardous materials
• The biohazard symbol is also used to label containers that hold biohazardous materials
• Hand hygiene includes hand washing with antimicrobial soap, using alcohol-based sanitizers when hands are not visibly contaminated, and proper donning and doffing of PPE
• Proper glove removal involves grasping the wrist part of one glove by the opposite hand, pulling it inside-out, and placing it in the gloved hand before removing the second glove
• Donning of PPE involves wearing the gown first, followed by the mask, and gloves last; doffing starts with removing gloves, then the gown, and finally the mask
• OSHA's goal is to provide all employees with a safe work environment and is authorized to conduct on-site inspections to determine compliance with mandatory standards
• Bloodborne Pathogen Compliance Directive establishes responsibilities for providing hepatitis B vaccinations, postexposure evaluation, and follow-up for employees
• Universal Precaution treats all human blood, tissue, and most fluids as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens
• Hazard Communication Standard ensures that hazards of all chemicals used in the workplace are evaluated and this information is transmitted to employers and employees
• Chemical Fume Hoods are used when chemical reagents may produce hazardous fumes, while Biologic Hoods remove particles that may infect the person working with biologically infected specimens
• Hand contact is the primary method of infection transmission, so laboratory personnel must always wash hands after gloves are removed and at other specified times
• Sharp hazards include needles, lancets, and broken glassware, which must be disposed of in puncture-resistant containers and picked up using mechanical devices
• Chemical hazards in laboratories include spills, handling, chemical hygiene plans, labelling, MSDS, and methods for safe handling and disposal
• Signage and labelling use the Hazards-Identification System developed by NFPA, which includes diamond-shaped, color-coded symbols to show severity from 0-4
• Radioactivity in clinical laboratories is encountered when procedures using radioisotopes are performed, and precautions like time, distance, and shielding are essential
• Electrical hazards require actions like shutting off the source of electricity, using non-conducting materials to remove the source, calling for medical assistance, and starting CPR if indicated
• Fire hazards involve elements like fuel, heat/ignition source, oxygen, and reaction chain, and physical hazards in laboratories require routine precautions observed outside the workplace
• General laboratory rules include proper handwashing, disposal of sharp hazards, handling chemical hazards, and following safety protocols for various hazards
• Hospital organizations can be classified by ownership (government or private) and scope of services (general or specialty), with different levels of services provided based on the hospital's classification
• Hospital services and departments include nursing services, support services, fiscal services, and professional services, with various departments like radiology, pharmacy, and clinical laboratory providing specialized care
• Biohazard symbol is often used with other safety symbols like the skull and crossbones to indicate hazardous materials and label containers holding biohazardous materials
• Clinical Laboratory provides data to the healthcare team to aid in determining the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a patient
• Clinical Laboratory is divided into Anatomical and Clinical areas, with Anatomical responsible for analyzing surgical specimens, biopsies, and autopsies, and Clinical for specialized sections like Hematology, Coagulation, Clinical Chemistry, Blood Bank, Serology, and Microbiology
• In Tort Law, an intentional tort is when a person intends to cause harm to another, including assault, battery, defamation, and invasion of privacy
• Medical Malpractice is misconduct or lack of skill by a healthcare professional resulting in patient injury, while Negligence is the failure to provide reasonable care, with four factors to prove it: Duty, Breach of Duty, Causation, and Damages
• Dermal puncture is the method of choice for collecting blood from infants and children younger than 2 years due to reasons like locating superficial veins large enough for small-gauge needles and avoiding complications from using deep veins
• Tests collected by dermal puncture include CBC, CBG, differential & PBS, glucose & POCT, and NBS, while tests not collected this way are coagulation studies, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and blood cultures
• Correct collection techniques in dermal puncture are crucial due to the small amount of blood collected and the higher risk of sample contamination, with main problems being microclots and hemolysis
• The biohazard symbol denotes the presence of biohazardous materials, which can include microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as toxins and other harmful substances

  
• The biohazard symbol is often used alongside safety symbols like the skull and crossbones to indicate hazardous materials and label containers holding biohazardous materials
• CLSI recommends that the incision depth in a device used for heelsticks should not exceed 2.0 mm to prevent Osteomyelitis
• Sufficient blood flow should be obtained from incision widths no larger than 2.5 mm (max), and the number of severed capillaries depends on the incision width
• The major vascular area of the skin for dermal punctures is the dermal subcutaneous junction, with different depth recommendations for adults and newborns
• Microhematocrit tubes, used for capillary collection, are small tubes that collect approximately 50 to 75 uL of blood, closed with clay sealant or plastic plug, and should not be made of glass
• Microcollection tubes, designed for larger blood collection volumes, are color-coded to match evacuated tube colors, and should be inverted 5-10 times for anticoagulated tubes
• Phlebotomists must have the same information on the requisition form as required for venipuncture, and they should carefully examine this information and observe protective isolation procedures
• Patient identification and preparation for dermal puncture follow similar procedures to venipuncture, with specific patient positioning requirements and site selection criteria
• Dermal puncture sites like the heel should not be callused, scarred, bruised, edematous, cyanotic, cold, or infected, and the choice of puncture area is based on the age and size of the patient