Radpro

• Smallest particle/fundamental matter

  Atom
• even u divide, the particle remain.

  Greek Theory
• “a”+”temon”

  Democritus
• Four Essences

  wet, dry, cold, hot
• Four Substances

  Air, water, earth, fire
• elements that are alike they react chemically the same

  Dalton Theory
• He’s work resulted in the first periodic table of the elements.

  Dimitri Mendelee
• Atomic no.

  Superscript
• Atomic mass no.

  Subscript
• He described the atom as looking something like a plum and pudding.

  Thomson (1890)
• Plum- negative electric charge
• Pudding- shapeless mass of uniform positive electrification
• He discovered electron

  Thomson
• It is called the center of the atom

  Nucleus
• Negative charge particle of atom

  Electron
• He disproved Thomson’s model

  Rutherford (1911)
• Is essentially an empty space

  Atom
• Sun is nucleus, shells are longated

  Niels Bohr
• Details of atomic structure are more accurately described by this newer model


  Quantum Chromodynamics
• What are the three fundamental particles?

  Electron, proton, neutron
• Where is location of electron?

  shells
• Location of proton

  Nucleus
• Location of neutron

  Nucleus
• kg mass of electron

  9.109x10^-31
• Kg mass of proton

  1.673x10^-27
• Kg mass of neutron

  1.675x10^-27
• Atomic mass unit of electron

  0.000549 amu
• Atomic mass unit of proton

  1.00728 amu
• Atomic mass unit of neutron

  1.00867 amu
• Electron - thomson
• Proton - James Chadwick
• Neutron - Ernest Rutherford
• Nucleus - Ernest Rutherford
• • Prevents the flying off

  Centrifugal force
• base on outermost shell

  Electron arrangement
• Maximum electron per shell 2n^2 where n is the shell number.
• Determine the period of periodic table of element

  Outermost shell
• Determine valance electron

  Outermost electron
• Periodic table of elements has 8 groups and 7 periods (rows)
• No outer shell can contain more than 8 electron

  Octet rule