Crude Oil

• What are the conditions required for the formation of crude oil?

  High pressure. High temperature. No oxygen
• Addition polymerisation is the reaction in which many small molecule monomers bond together to form a long chain polymer
• Polymerization: the reaction in which many small molecule monomers bond together to form a long chain polymer
• Addition reaction: a reaction in which at least two molecules combine to form a larger molecule
• Alcohols are organic compounds containing the functional group -OH, with the first four members being methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol
• Alcohols can be oxidised to carboxylic acids
• Alkanes are the most common hydrocarbon found in crude oil, with the first four members having the general formula CnH2n+2
• Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two of the carbon atoms in the chain, making them unsaturated, with the first four members being ethene, propene, butene, and pentene
• Biodegradable substances are able to be broken down by living organisms
• Calorimetry is the process used to measure the amount of heat energy released or absorbed during a chemical reaction
• Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing the functional group -COOH, with the first four members being methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, and butanoic acid, and they have typical acidic properties
• Combustion is the burning of a substance in oxygen causing energy to be transferred to the surroundings as heat and light
• Complete combustion occurs when there is sufficient oxygen present for the substance to burn
• Cracking is a process that involves breaking down larger hydrocarbons to produce smaller, more useful molecules
• Cracking can be done by catalytic cracking or steam cracking
• Crude oil is a finite resource found in rocks, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons which can be separated by fractional distillation
• A displayed formula is a type of formula that shows all the bonds between every atom in the compound
• Fermentation is a chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically, producing ethanol when sugar solutions are fermented using yeast
• A finite resource is a resource that will one day run out
• We extract crude oil by drilling through the rock using an oil rig
• Burning hydrocarbons produces carbon dioxide and water