Nervous system

• The Central Nervous System (CNS) is comprised of the brain and spinal cord
• The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is comprised of all the nerves that branch out from the CNS to the rest of the body
• A scenario with a person playing the piano:

  • The part of the brain used in this activity is the cerebrum, responsible for controlling movement and processing sensory information
• Functions of the Nervous System:

  • Controls and coordinates the body
  • Provides the ability to think and act
  • Allows awareness of emotion, sensation, memory, and surroundings
• The brain is made of more than 10 billion nerves and controls all body systems and organs, allowing us to think, feel, remember, imagine, and communicate with the body through the spinal cord and nerves
• Central Nervous System - Brain:

  • Divided into three parts: cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem (medulla)
  • The cerebrum controls thinking, memory, speaking, senses, movement, and information processing from sense organs
  • The cerebellum controls balance, posture, and coordination
  • The brainstem (medulla) connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, and digestion
• The Spinal Cord:

  • Connects the brain to the rest of the nervous system
  • Runs down a tunnel of holes in the vertebral column
  • A thick bundle of nerves connecting the brain to the body
• Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system, receiving and transmitting signals to different parts of the body

  
• A neuron in the brain is a basic functional unit of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and transmitting signals

  
• A multipolar neuron has several dendrites and one axon, functioning as the basic unit of the nervous system

  
• Neurons, the building blocks of the nervous system, receive and transmit signals in both physical and electrical forms

  
• A neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon; dendrites receive signals, while the axon sends signals to other neurons, with the synapse being the point of contact between two neurons

  
• Neurons, such as motor, interneuron, and sensory neurons, are the basic functional units of the nervous system, transmitting signals throughout the body

  
• A neuron is composed of parts like dendrites, nucleus, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, schwann cell, axon terminal and node of Ranvier

  
• The nervous system allows reactions to stimuli, with a stimulus being a change in the environment, and reactions being automatic
• Messages are relayed between neurons at a synapse, where an axon terminal is close to the dendrites of another neuron, allowing messages to jump from one neuron to another
• Sensory neurons relay messages from sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord.
• Motor Neurons- relay messages from the

  CNS to muscles in response to impulses.
• Interneurons are found in the central nervous

  system
• Interneurons- connects sensory and motor neurons by relaying messages between

  them.
• Messages travel from the left of the neuron to the right
• The neuron sends messages from one part of the body to another in the form of electrical signals, called impulses
• The brain is projected inside the skull or cranium
• The spinal cord is housed inside the backbone or vertebral column