Unit 1: 1948 - 59

Cards (31)

  • Afrikaner translation for 'Black Danger' is Swart Gevaar
  • Leader of the National Party in 1948 was Malan
  • NP and UP won 38% and 49% of the 1948 vote
  • Tomlinson Report suggested investing 100 million in Bantustans
  • 156 members of the Congress Alliance were arrested in 1956
  • Defiance campaign in 1952 was based on non-violent civil disobedience
  • Membership increased from 4000 to 100,000 after the defiance campaign
  • Freedom Charter was created by the Congress Alliance - advocating a multi-racial South Africa in 1955
  • 3 ways Africanists disagreed with the ANC: they wanted it to include Africans only, not focus on civil rights but on land, wanted confrontational action and with the United States of Africa
  • 60% of the white population in South Africa was Afrikaner. 40% were British descendants
  • The Broerderbond was a secret group of Afrikaners who promoted Afrikaner business, economy and planned to increase Afrikaner interests
  • Reserves were 13% of land that were given to Africans
  • The Great Trek was the movement of Dutch colonists into inland South Africa to create a different society, separate to British rule
  • What were the reasons for the National Parties victory?
    Afrikaner Nationalism, The Poor White Problem, Smuts Liberalism
  • Why was Smuts more liberal?
    He was more pragmatic and willing to compromise, making Afrikaners feel threatened
  • The ANC youth league was founded 1944 - released the Programme of Action in 1949, arguing for a more confrontational approach to apartheid
  • Sekhukueland 1957-1958
    • Strongly against betterment policy
    9 government collaborators had been stabbed to death - hundreds arrested
  • Defiance Campaign
    35000 protested in East London, ANC lost control, 2 white and 7 African deaths and 18 injured
  • Mixed Marriage Act, 1949
    Banned marriage across races
  • Immorality Act, 1949

    Banned sex across racial goups
  • Population Regulation Act, 1950
    Assigned everyone in South Africa to a racial group (White, Black, Coloured and Indian)
  • Group Areas Act, 1950
    Provided the power to eradicate African areas so cities would be largely white (Durban, Sophiatown, District 6)
  • Suppression of Communism, 1950
    Banned the Communist Party and those sympathetic to communists
  • Bantu Authorities Act, 1950
    Ensured traditional authorities were appointed throughout African reserves so they would cooperate with the government
  • Separate Representation of Voters Act, 1951
    Removed the coloured vote
  • Native Abolition of Passes Act, 1952
    Required a reference book for each African adult to see if they had the right to be in urban areas
  • Urban Areas Act, 1952
    Gave Urban rights to a minority of Africans who had lived there for 15 years, born in cities or worked in cities for 10 years
  • Bantu Education Act, 1953
    Brought schools for African students under control of the state instead of missionaries
  • Reservation of separate amenities Act, 1953
    Entrenched and broadened segregation
  • Extension of University Education Act, 1959
    Ensured universities came under government control
  • Bantu Self-governing Act, 1959
    Set up 8 self-governing homelands where Africans would live, E.G. Transkei