PHYSCIE

• Cosmology

  • body of science that studies the origin, evolution, eventual fate of the universe
• Religious/Mythological cosmology

  • based on religious belief
  • creation of ex nihilo
• Physical Cosmology

  • based on scientific insight, studies, experiments
• Nicolaus Copernicus

  • the heliocentric universe
• Isaac Newton

  • head the copernicus model and introduced the law of universal gravitation
• Albert Einstein

  • final theory in relativity
  • universe is dynamic and constantly changing
• Big bang theory

  • cosmological model that describe how universe started
• Singularity

  • began as small dot or point
• Inflation

  • rapid yet peaceful expantion
• Nucleosynthesis/ Nuclear fuction

  • creation of nuclei light atoms
• Recombination

  • interaction of electrons with other nuclei to form primodal atoms
• Vesto Slipher and Carl Wilhelm Wirtz

  • measure the redshift
  • Spiral galaxies are moving away
• George Lemaitre

  • proposed the idea of expanding universe
• Edwin Hubble

  • calculate the distance of earth from other galaxies
• Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias

  • Discovered cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR)
• Modern Astronomy

  • Universe 13.8 billions years old with 5% of original matter
• Big Bang Nucleosyntheisi

  • aka. primordial nucleosynthesis
  • process of producing light elements
  • yields 2 isotopes of hydrogen; 2 isotopes of helium; some lithium of atoms and; beryllium isotopes
• Democratus

  • proposed that matter is composed of atoms
• John Dalton

  • used to concept to propose his atomic model
• Modern Atomic Model

  • matter is made up of atoms
  • atoms have isotopes that are the same elements but different number of neutrons
• Element

  • Composed of just one atoms with different properties
• Jons Jacob Berzellius

  • use symbols to represent elements
• Dmitri Mendeleev

  • arrange elements in periodic table
• J.J. Thomson

  • plum pudding model
  • discovery of electrons
• Ernest Rutherford

  • discovery of nucleus and protons
  • golf foil experiment
• Dmitri inovachi Mendeleev

  • elemets arranged based on atomic number instead of atomic mass number
• Atomic number

  • number of protons in an atom
• X-ray Spectroscopy reaction

  • shooting electrons and looking at x-ray spectra
• Nuclear Transmutation Reaction

  • transformation of one element into another
• Particle Accelerator

  • device used to speed up particles
• Ernest lawrence

  • invested cyclotron
• Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segre

  • discovered element with atomic number 85, Astatine (Greek) astatos = "unstable"
• element - 61 = promethrium
• element - 87 Francium
• Transuranium Elements

  • element with atomic number greater that 92
• Stellar nucleosynthesis is the process by which elements are formed within stars.
• The primary factor that determines how stars evolve is mass
• The star formation theory proposes that stars form due to the collapse of the dense regions of a molecular cloud.
• Stellar evolution is the process by which a star changes during its lifetime.
• All stars are born from clouds of gas and dust called nebulae or molecular clouds that collapsed due to gravity.