GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1

• Strong attraction between the particles

  Solids
• Solid particles are very close together and meatly arranged
• Solid - definite shape, definite volume
• Moderate attraction between particles 


  Liquid
• Liquids particles still very close together but not neatly arranged.
• Liquids - indefinite shape, definite volume
• Very weak attraction

  Gases
• Gases particles much farther away
• Gases - Indefinite shape and indefinite volume
• Plasma - Highest temperature and particles are superheated to the point where they become equal amounts of positively and negatively charged particles
• Density - the amount of matter in given volume
• Ductility

  • Deform
  • Ability to be drawn into a thin strana wire , paper clip, copper wire
  • Nababaluktod
• Melleability

  • When hammered it's still not broken
  • Ability to be pressed or pounded into a thin sheet
• Boiling point

  • The temperature at which substance changes from a liquid to gas
• Melting point

  • Ice tube melts to a puddle of water
• The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium.
• Electrical conductivity

  • How well a substance allow electricity to flow through it
  • Tap water conduct electricity
  • Ions is the most electrical conductivity
• Solubility

  • Ability to dissolve in another substance
• Signs of chemical change

  • Production of odor
  • Change in temperature:

  Exothermic reaction - energy released and then increases temperature (rusting)

  Endothermic reaction - energy absorbed and the temperature decreases (melting)

  • Change in color
  • Formation of bubbles
  • Formation of precipitate

  Precipitate - two liquid combined then formed a solid
• Intensive

  • do not depend on the amount of matter
  • Can be measured or observed without using any mass measurements
  • Example: temperature, boiling point, concentration, luster
• Extensive - depend on how much matter a sample contains

  • They depend to its mass
  • Example: weight, length, volume, entropy
• Pure substance

  • Elements

  1. One type of atoms
  2. In periodic table only
  3. Elements type: non metal, metal, metalloids - both NM and M
• Compounds

  • Can be decomposed
  • Chemical combination of elements
  • Two or more
• Law of definite composition

  • A given compound always contains the same, fixed radio of elements

  Law of multiple compounds

  • Elements can be combine in different ratios to form different compounds