change

• The concept of redemption in "A Christmas Carol" is defined as 'being saved from error or sin', a theme that is prominent and interwoven within the structural patterning of the text
• Dickens uses Scrooge's hope of transformation to create tension throughout the novella, heightening suspense through his characterisation as a "covetous old sinner" initially presented as unchanging and "hard and sharp as flint"
• During Scrooge's time with the Spirits, Dickens explores strong emotions like regret, sadness, and fear, intensifying until a crescendo in the final stave where Scrooge's transformation is witnessed, vital to Dickens' dramatic plotting
• Dickens increases dramatic tension through foreshadowing, such as describing Scrooge as "solitary as an oyster" and Fan informing Scrooge that their father "is much kinder than he used to be", both hinting at Scrooge's potential for change
• The theme of change is crucial in "A Christmas Carol", with Marley's ghost emphasizing its importance to Scrooge, showing that change is necessary to avoid a doomed fate
• Dickens uses Scrooge's transformation from a "covetous old sinner" into a man who is "quite a baby" to inspire readers, solidifying the didactic and allegorical purpose of the novella
• Dickens foregrounds the theme of redemption through direct contrasts between the opening and closing staves, showcasing Scrooge's active redemption and thorough change, emphasizing the importance of change and redemption
• In the novella, Dickens contrasts Scrooge's attitudes towards charity, Christmas, and the weather between the opening and closing staves to highlight his transformation and successful redemption
• The narrative voice in the novella shifts from utterly unsympathetic in the opening stave to increasingly positive and optimistic in the final stave, reflecting Scrooge's transformed character and creating a convincing and comprehensive impression of his redemption