Chapter Seven

Cards (229)

  • Urinary system
    Removes wastes from the body by constantly filtering blood, maintaining a proper balance of water, electrolytes, and acids in body fluids, and removing excess fluids from the body.
  • Urea
    Major waste product of protein metabolism, which is filtered by the kidney and used in some diagnostic tests to determine the health status of the kidneys.
  • Homeostasis
    Stable internal environment
  • Home/o
    Unchanging
  • Urin/o and ur/o
    Urine or pertaining to the urinary organs
  • Retroperitoneally
    Located behind the lining of the abdominal cavity or outside the peritoneal cavity. Where the kidneys are
  • Ren/o and nephr/o
    Kidney
  • Cortex
    The outer layer of the kidney, contains the majority of the nephron
  • Cortic/o
    Outer regions, used to describe the outer region of many organs
  • Medulla
    The inner layer of the kidney, contains the majority of the collecting tubules
  • Medull/o
    Middle or inner portion, used to describe the middle or inner portion of many organs
  • Nephron
    The functional unit of the kidney. Consists of the glomerulus, Bowmann's/glomerular capsule, a proximal convoluted tubule, and a collecting duct. Form urine through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
  • Glomerulus
    Cluster of capillaries that filter blood. Surrounded by the Bowmann's capsule
  • Glomerul/o

    Means to wind into a ball, which is what the glomerulus looks like microscopically
  • Glomeruli
    Multiple glomerulus
  • Bowmann's capsule
    Cup shaped structure that contains the glomerulus
  • Renal corpuscle
    The glomerulus and Bowmann's capsule together
  • Proximal convoluted tubes
    Hollow tubes located between Bowmann's capsule and loops of Henle that are involved in reabsorption
  • Loop of Henle
    U shaped turn in the convoluted tubule of the kidney located between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules that is involved in reabsorption. Has an ascending and descending loop
  • Distal convoluted tubules
    Hollow tubes located between the loops of Henle and the collecting tubules that are involved in secretion
  • Collecting tubules
    Hollow tubes that carry urine from the cortex to the renal pelvis
  • Renal pelvis
    The area of the kidney where the nephrons collect urine before it enters the ureters
  • Pyel/o
    Renal pelvis
  • Calyces
    Irregular cup like spaces that collect urine from the kidneys
  • Calyx
    Singular form of calyces
  • Hilus
    The point of attachment of the renal blood vessels, nerves, and ureter. Located on the medial surface of the kidney and gives some kidneys a bean shape.
  • Distal
    Farthest from the midline
  • Proximal
    Closest to midline
  • Convoluted
    Rolled or coiled
  • Ascending
    Moving upward or cranially
  • Descending
    Moving downward and caudally
  • Ureters
    A pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
  • Ureter/o
    Ureter
  • Trigone
    Where the ureters enter the urinary bladder. Usually a triangular portion at the base of that organ where the three angles are marked by the two ureteral openings and one urethral opening
  • Urinary bladder
    A singular hollow muscular organ that holds urine
  • Cyst/o
    Urinary bladder
  • Excretion, elimination, and voiding
    Elimination of a substance and can be used in other body systems
  • Urination
    Elimination of urine from the body
  • Micturition
    Elimination of urine from the body, but it implies voluntary control of the sphincter muscles of the urinary tract. This is learned and implies a more intelligent form of animal life.
  • Urethra
    A tube extending from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. In females, it only transports urine, but in males, it transports urine from the urinary bladder and reproductive fluids from the reproductive organs out of the body.