Philosophy intro

• Pilosopo ● People who ask strange questions
• How do we philosophize? ● Ask a question that concerns the reason for its being and arrive at its truth and being.
• Aristotle ● Philosophy begins by wonder.
• >Paul Tillich ● Human beings are merely a speck
• Western philosophy ● Originated in ancient Greece in the state of miletus.
• Thales ● He started the philosophical way of thinking
• Thales ● Predicted the occurrence of an eclipse
• May 28, 6:13 PM- Philosophy has begun
• >Logos over mythos= Philosophy over mythology
• Arche ● Kind of substance that would account for variations and distinctions
• >Thales ● Arche is water; water is the source of life
• Anaximander ● Arche is not a material, but abstract ● It is a boundless, limitless,infinite substance called the apeiron.
• Anaximenes ● Arche is air; physical like water, invisible like apeiron
• When air rarefies, it becomes thinner and turns into fire. When air condenses, it hardens and turns into water.
• 3 Milesian philosophers: ● Thales, Anaximander, & Anaximenes
• Ancient Greek thinkers: Democritus, Pythagoras, & Protagoras.
• Democritus ● Arche is an atom, which floats in empty space
• Pythagoras ● Arche is a number, unchanging, absolute and eternal
• Protagoras ● Man is the measure of all things
• Insight of Protagoras ● was adapted to become the spirit of humanism during the Renaissance period
• Concept by Democritus ● was the basis of modern atomic theory
• Greek miracle ● Methodology they applied in thinking and learning;
• Greek miracle ● Assumption by thales and other thinkers account of the mystery of the universe
• Etymological definition; >Philia- Love >Sophia- Wisdom
• Phytagoras ● Greek thinker and mathematician who formulated philosophy.
• Phytagoras● He derived the compound term philosophy from greek “philia” and “sophia”
• Sophist ● People were concerned with thinking about reality but they were liars.
• >Philosophy is considered real because it contains both the material and formal object of the subject as well as its methodology.
• REAL AND CLASSICAL DEFINITION; Science of all things in their ultimate principle and cause known by the aid of natural reasoning alone
• Philosophy is universal; it has the widest scope since it involves everything without exception; it is the queen of all science.
• Specifically, philosophy talks about the “ultimate cause and principle"
• Cause ● From which something is produced
• >Principle ● Which something proceeds
• Ultimate ● Cause and principle are considered ultimate because they are not subordinated to any other; they are the last and most final of all; there’s no other beyond it.
• Reasoning ● We learn about the ultimate cause through the act of it alone
• Reasoning; This is the method of knowing in philosophy
• >Philosophy is not a science in a specific sense; it does not use the scientific method.
• >Mathematics = cause is proximate >Philosophy= cause is ultimate
• Bertand Russel ● He wrote the book Principle of Mathematics : reason and cause of numbers and at one point.
• >The act of continuous questioning and answering is the process by which philosophers arrive at the ultimate cause and principle of all things