Kinetic Particle theory (chem)

• Particles in solids are closely packed in an orderly manner, its forces of attraction is very strong.
• Particles in solids vibrate about their fixed positions, when heated, the particles gain heat energy which then converts into kinetic energy. The particles start to slide over one another while being closely packed, its forces of attraction strong.
• Particles in gases have a high kinetic energy and move quickly in all directions.
• The particles in gases are very far apart in a disorderly manner. They move quickly and randomly in all directions. Its forces of attraction is weak.
• When a liquid is heated it gains more kinetic energy and so moves faster. This causes the particles to be further apart from each other. When cooled, the particles slow down and become closer together again.
• Particles in liquids are closely packed in a disorderly manner. They slide over one another.
• Decreasing temperature decreases the average speed of the particles
• The process in which gas changes to liquid is called condensation.
• Process in which solid changes to liquid is called melting.
• Process in which liquid turns to solid is called freezing.
• Process in which liquid turns to gas is called evaporation
• Process in which solid changes into a gas immediately is called sublimation. Thermal energy from surroundings is transferred into the solid, resulting in the solid converting directly to gas.