LEGACY OF ROME

• Etruscans were the third group of people that settled in what is now Tuscany in central Italy
• Haruspex was a priest trained in the art of divining the future and was highly regarded by the people
• Fasces symbolized the power of the king to punish or execute anyone or his subject
• Pater Familias was the head of the family and wielded the patria potestas or the absolute power over its members
• Plebeians were the common people considered free citizens with the right to vote
• Curiate Assembly was the earliest popular assembly in Rome dating back to the times of the rule of the kings
• Patricians were aristocrats or noblemen
• Centuriate Assembly was based on the classes of military service
• Tribunes' main task was to represent and defend the interests of the plebeians
• Twelve Tables were the first written code of laws of the Roman republic
• Law of Nations was the set of laws that applied to both Roman citizens and foreigners alike
• Pyrrhic Victory means victory gained at too high a price
• Rome was the capital city of the Roman Empire and the center of Roman civilization
• Emperor was the supreme ruler of the Roman Empire
• Senate was the governing body of ancient Rome, consisting of elected officials who advised the emperor
• Legion was a large military unit of the Roman army, typically comprising around 4,000 to 6,000 foot soldiers
• Colosseum was a famous amphitheater in Rome where gladiator fights and other spectacles were held
• Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire
• Aqueducts were structures built to transport water from distant sources to Roman cities and towns
• Architecture involved the design and construction of buildings, bridges, and other structures, featuring notable examples such as the Pantheon and Colosseum
• Slavery was the institution in which individuals were owned and forced to work without freedom or rights
• Carthage was a powerful ancient city-state located in North Africa, known as the main adversary of Rome during the Punic Wars
• Hannibal was a Carthaginian general who famously led his army, including war elephants, across the Alps to invade Italy during the Second Punic War
• Scipio Africanus was a Roman general who led the Roman forces to victory against Carthage in the Second Punic War
• The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC, primarily over control of the Mediterranean
• The First Punic War was the initial conflict between Rome and Carthage, primarily fought at sea, resulting in a Roman victory and Carthaginian concessions
• The Second Punic War was the most famous and decisive war between Rome and Carthage, led by Hannibal and ended with a Roman victory
• The Second Punic War was the most famous and decisive war of the Punic Wars, marked by Hannibal's invasion of Italy and Rome's ultimate victory
• The Third Punic War was the final war of the Punic Wars, resulting in the complete destruction of Carthage and Roman domination of the Mediterranean
• Siege is the military tactic of surrounding and blockading a city or fortress to force its surrender
• The Battle of Cannae was a major military engagement in the Second Punic War, where Hannibal's forces annihilated a larger Roman army
• Sicily, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, was a major point of contention between Rome and Carthage during the Punic Wars
• Elephants were large mammals used by Carthage as a fearsome and powerful weapon during battles
• Internal conflict refers to struggles and disputes within a society or nation, often resulting in violence or civil unrest
• Gaius Marius was a Roman general and statesman who played a prominent role in the late Roman Republic and implemented significant military reforms
• Lucius Cornelius Sulla, a Roman general and statesman, became dictator and carried out a series of political and constitutional reforms
• The First Triumvirate was a political alliance formed by Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus to consolidate power and influence in the late Roman Republic
• Pompey, a Roman general and statesman, was initially part of the First Triumvirate but later became Caesar's political rival
• Crassus, a Roman general and politician, was part of the First Triumvirate and known as the richest man in Roman history
• The assassination of Julius Caesar was the murder of Julius Caesar by a group of senators led by Brutus and Cassius on March 15, 44 BCE