classification n biodiversity

• Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms, threatened by human activities like deforestation
• Species richness is the number of different species in a community, measured by counting the number of species present via methods like random sampling
• Genetic diversity is the measure of genetic variation found in a species, determined by calculating the heterozygosity index (H)
• Heterozygosity index (H) = number of heterozygotes / number of individuals in the population
• Endemism is when a species is unique to a particular geographic location, like an island, and not found anywhere else
• Frame quadrat is a sampling technique using a square frame divided into equal sections to measure species abundance
• Line transect is a sampling technique where a line is made on the ground between 2 points, recording species touching the line at intervals to determine abundance and distribution
• Belt transect involves making 2 parallel lines on the ground between 2 points, placing quadrats at intervals to record species within/touching them to determine abundance and distribution
• Mark-release-recapture estimates the population size of motile organisms by capturing, marking, releasing, and recapturing individuals
• Lincoln index formula for estimating population size: N = (n1 x n2) / m2
• Classification is the process of naming and organizing organisms into groups based on their characteristics, grouped into animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and protoctista
• Organisms are further grouped into phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, named according to the binomial system where the first part is the genus and the second part is the species
• The five kingdoms are animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and protoctista, each with specific characteristics and classifications
• Molecular phylogeny analyzes molecular differences in organisms to determine their evolutionary relatedness, leading to the separation of organisms into domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
• Archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotes with differences in lipid cell membranes and cell wall compositions
• Viruses are not included in the three domains as they are non-living, classified by the disease they cause and their nucleic acid structure
• Conservation methods include captive breeding, reintroduction programs, seed banks, assisted reproduction, culling, and contraceptive methods
• Non-governmental organizations like WWF and CITES play crucial roles in conservation efforts at local and global levels
• IUCN is a conservation agreement facilitating agreements between nations to conserve endangered animals
• Habitats can be restored by planting new trees on land not needed for food production or by large-scale reforestation