animal nutrition

• what is balanced diet

  provides sufficient energy for molecules for metabolism by the nutrients carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, water, vitamins and fibre in right proportions
• carbohydrates provide energy for respiration
• proteins help in growth and repair of cells
• fats are long term store of energy
• layer of fat is present under the skin and acts as insulation
• vitamin C makes the stretchy protein collagen which makes up skin, hair, gums and bones
• what is scurvy

  its vitamin C deficiency which cause pain in joints and muscles and bleeding from gums
• what are the sources of vitamin c

  citrus fruits, green vegetables, strawberries
• vitamin D helps calcium to be absorbed for making bones and teeth
• what is rickets

  its a vitamin D deficiency which cause bones to become soft and deformed
• what are the sources for Vitamin D

  sunlight, butter, egg yolk, oily fish, liver, dairy products
• calcium helps in making strong teeth and bones and is involved in blood clotting
• sources for calcium are milk, cheese, eggs, dairy products
• calcium deficiency is brittle bones and teeth and poor blood clotting
• iron is needed to make hemoglobin
• sources for iron are- liver, red meat, egg yolk, dark green vegetables
• what is anemia

  its a iron deficiency, there would be less RBCS so the tissues dont get enough oxygen
• fibre doesnt give energy but helps in better digestion
• fibre provides roughage for the intestine to push food through it
• water is needed for chemical reactions to take place
• what are micronutrients

  vitamins and minerals
• what are macronutrients

  carbohydrates, protein and lipid
• what is digestion

  the break down of large molecules to small molecules to absorb nutrients
• what is absorption

  the movement of nutrients from the intestine into the blood
• what the process of digestion

  ingestion -> digestion -> absorption-> assimilation -> egestion
• what are the types of digestion

  physical and chemical digestion
• physical digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules. it increases the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion
• physical digestion is carried out by teeth, bile and stomach
• what is emulsification

  the break down of large drops of fat into smaller ones
• what are the types of teeth

  incisors, canines, premolars and molars
• incisors are used for biting and cutting
• canines are used for tearing, holding and biting
• premolars are used for chewing and grinding
• molars are used for chewing and grinding
• enamel is the hardest substance in animals and it is the protective outerlayer of the teeth
• pulp cavity contains nerves and blood vessels and connective tissues
• cement helps to anchor the tooth firmly in the jaw
• chemical digestion is the break down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules
• amylase break down starch into maltose
• in stomach pepsin breaks down proteins into amino acids