mitotic cell cycle

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Created by
karen

Cards (12)

  • The role of mitosis and the cell cycle is to produce identical daughter cells for growth and asexual reproduction of cells
  • Cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical, therefore mitosis does not give rise to genetic variation
  • Mitosis is important for growth, replacing dead or damaged cells, repairing damaged tissue (via cell replacement), and asexual reproduction
  • Telomeres prevent genes from being lost during the process of DNA replication
  • During the cell cycle, a cell grows and then divides to form daughter cells, with three stages:
    • Interphase: cell grows and prepares to divide, chromosomes and some organelles are replicated, chromosomes begin to condense, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases
    • Mitosis: a form of cell division with four stages - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
    • Cytokinesis: parent and replicated organelles move to opposite sides of the cell, cytoplasm divides, producing two daughter cells
  • Cells produced by mitosis are undifferentiated (stem cells) and can be made into specialised cells via differentiation
  • Stem cells repeatedly undergo cell division and are used for cell replacement and tissue repair; once specialised for a specific function, they stop dividing
  • Uncontrolled cell division can lead to the formation of a tumour, which can cause cancer
  • Prophase: the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division.
  • Anaphase: the third stage of cell division, between metaphase and telophase, during which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.
  • Metaphase: the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibres.
  • Telophase: the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.