The Global Climate Phenomenon

• Monsoon is a seasonal shift in the direction of the prevailing winds of a region.
• The Philippines experiences two kinds of monsoons: Amihan and Habagat.
• Amihan (northeast monsoon) usually occurs in the country from late October to March and affects the eastern part of the country. It brings cool dry air that comes from a high pressure over Siberia.
• True or False?

  Habagat helps weaken cyclones.

  False
• Habagat (southwest monsoon) brings heavy rains that affect the western part of the country from July to September.
• Global warming refers to the gradual increase of the overall temperature of Earth's atmosphere.
• The greenhouse effect happens when the sun's energy is absorbed to warm the planet, some being reflected, and some radiated back by greenhouse gases.
• The main greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC).
• The most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is water vapor.
• The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a significant climate phenomena because of its ability to alter or change the atmospheric circulation of the world, affecting temperature and precipitation.
• The three phases of the ENSO cycle are El Niño, La Niña, and neutral.
• El Niño refers to the warming of the ocean surface in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. The warming of the coastal waters often occurs during the Christmas holiday.
• The Niño from El Niño comes from the Spanish word "little boy" or the Christ child.
• La Niña is the cold phase of ENSO. It is the cooling of the ocean surface. It is also stronger with cooler ocean temperatures.
• Neutral is a phase in ENSO wherein it brings warm moist air and warmer surface waters to the western Pacific and keeps the central Pacific cool. The temperature of the sea is close to average.
• SST


  Sea Surface Temperature
• It refers to the rapid rotating storm formed over tropical oceans.

  Tropical cyclone
• Classification of Tropical Cyclone

  • Tropical Depression
  • Tropical Storm
  • Severe Tropical Storm
  • Typhoon
  • Super Typhoon
• Classificatioon of Tropical Cyclone

  • Tropical Depression............. Up to 62
  • Tropical Storm......................... 62 to 88 kph
  • Severe Tropical Storm........ 87 to 117 kph
  • Typhoon....................................... 118 to 184 kph
  • Super Typhoon........................ max 185 kph
• Hurricane is a type of tropical cyclone that forms over tropical or subtropical waters.
• A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that usually originates in the northwest Pacific. It usually have wind speeds of around 118 to 220 kph.
• Warning Signal Devices

  1. Weather satellite ground receiving station
  2. Weather surveillance radar
  3. Rawinsonde
• Weather satellite ground receiving station is used to monitor, observe, report, and collect atmospheric data for preparation and warnings related to weather and climate.
• Weather surveillance radar is a device that is used to track typhoons and cloud masses at a distance of more or less 400 km. It is also usually placed on top of the building.
• Rawinsonde is an electronic device used for measuring wind speed and direction, pressure, temperature, and humidity.
• Rawinsonde is attached to a balloon as it makes its measurements in the atmosphere.
• The Public Storm Warning System (PSWS) helps warn locals about the possible impact and damage a typhoon or tropical cyclone may bring.
• Climate change is described as the change in the average weather patterns that affect Earth's regional and global climates.
• What are the effects on the environment of Climate change?

  1. Increase in the global temperature
  2. Changes in rainfall patterns
  3. More droughts
  4. Heat waves
  5. More intense typhoons and hurricanes
  6. Increase in the occurrence of wildfires
  7. Increase in sea levels
• What are the effects on the economy of Climate change?

  1. Threat to economic stability
  2. Disruptions to agriculture, less harvest, and food.
  3. Limited food resources, price increases
  4. Limit productivity and capacity to work of some workers.
• What are the effects on the health of Climate change?

  1. Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
• What are the effects on society of Climate change?

  1. Stronger and more frequent disasters
  2. Health, agriculture, food, and water supply will be affected.
  3. Modes of transportation may be altered.
• Ways to help fight climate change

  1. Raising awareness through social media.
  2. Conserve energy.
  3. Get involved (in campaigns and advocacies).
  4. Commute in a greener way.