Earth

• Earth crust is made out of huge slabs and solid rocks, called plates, That are always in motion.
• Frequency is The number of waves that passes per second
• Seismic wave is a vibration that travels through the earth and is produced by an earthquake
• Seismograph is an instrument that is used to detect and record earthquakes.
• Seismologist is a scientist who studies earthquakes.
• Epicenter is the point on the earths surface directly above the focus point of an earthquake.
• The difference between longitude waves and transverse waves is that longitude waves go back and forth, whole transverse waves go up and down.
• A is a transverse wave which goes up and down and b is a longitude wave

  
• longitude waves move faster and arrive first at the epicenter.
• A small drop of Water on a calm water surface can create ripples, the same time as in an earthquake where tectonic plates hit against each other, causing seismic waves.
• A crest is the highest point on a wave
• A trough is the lowest point on a wave
• Wavelength is the distance from one crest to the next or from one trough to the next trough
• amplitude is the height of a wave from its crest/trough to its midline
• Magnitude is the amount if energy released by an earthquake.
• High frequency waves transfer more energy while, low frequency waves transfer less energy.
• High frequency waves have shorter wavelengths and transfer more energy.
• Earth‘s crust is made up of huge slabs of solid rock, called plates, that are always in motion
• plates are large pieces that make up the earth’s crust
• There is some brakes or cracks where these plates come together. These cracks are called faults. in some places, earth plates can slide slowly past each other along a fault. In other places, plates can push together, move under or over each other, or even move apart from each other. This type of plate movement causes earthquakes to occur.
• A fault is a break or crack in the rocks of the earths crust that are caused by sudden shift of earths plates.
• earthquakes are movements in the earth crust that are caused by sudden shift of earths plates
• Earthquakes happen when tectonic plates grind against each other, they build up energy that travels like waves, causing the ground to shake.
• Earthquakes occur along the edges of oceans and continental plate boundaries.
• The ring of fire is, an area around the Pacific Ocean where number of earths plates meet and many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur here.
• Countries are in the ring of fire are Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, United States, Chile, Canada, and Mexico.
• Most earthquakes are too weak to be noticed others cause extreme damage
• Fossils are remains or imprints of living things from the past
• Sedimentary rocks form from sediments that are pressed together in layers
• Sediments are tiny bits of soil or rock that have been broken down and decomposed.
• Fossils give scientist information about the types and ages of animals that live before us.
• Fossils in layer closest to the surface are usually younger than fossils that are found deeper and layers of rock.
• Earth forces can affect the formation found in rock layers. Some of these forces include volcanic eruption earthquakes, and the flow of rivers.
• Forces change slowly by a slow plate movement as it can cause a new layer of rock, or even mountain
• Scientist know if dry land was once covered by oceans Is if there are fossils of ocean animals in the rocks ondry land, that indicates that the area was covered by an ocean.
• The affect that running water has on rock layers is that rivers can move rock particles over many years, and carve out the part of rock layers to form a canyon.
• Fossils can reveal changes in environment. For example, the rock layers beneath a forest can contain fossils of animals that lived in a watery environment. Also, the age of the rock layers and fossils increase the deeper we dig into the ground.
• Information that he get from the rocks is that they tell scientist about the history of these rocks. They help us understand how they were formed, and how landforms have changed over time.
• Weathering is the slow process that breaks down materials into smaller pieces. Weathering can change rocks shape and size.
• Water, wind, and ice and plant roots are all causes of weathering