Monoclonal antibodies HT: Infection and response: Biology: GCSE (9:1)

• Monoclonal antibody


  A laboratory-produced antibody that is designed to target and bind to specific antigens

  
• Clone

  A group of genetically identical cells
• Mouse lymphocytes


  White blood cells that are used to make monoclonal antibodies

  
• B lymphocytes


  White blood cells which can produce specific antibodies but can't divide

  
• Tumour cell


  A long-lived cell that divides continuously

  
• Hybridoma cell

  A cell used to make monoclonal antibodies that is made by fusing a lymphocyte and a tumour cell

  
• Pregnancy test

  Monoclonal antibodies can be used to detect pregnancy hormones in urine

  
• Laboratory test


  Monoclonal antibodies can be used to detect hormones, chemicals and pathogens in laboratory tests
• Fluorescent dye


  Can be added to monoclonal antibodies to help locate and detect substances

  
• Cancer treatment

  Radioactive substances or toxic drugs can be added to monoclonal antibodies to be delivered to tumours
• Radioactive substance

  A chemical that releases radiation to kill cancer cells
• Toxic drug

  A chemical that is toxic to cancer cells
• Diagnosis

  A way of using monoclonal antibodies to identify diseases
• Antibody


  A white blood cell-made protein that binds to a specific antigen

  
• Antigen


  A substance that antibodies bind to during an immune response