review of body systems and preparation of equipment

• Skin, hair, and nails


  Skin color, temperature, condition,

  excessive sweating, rashes, lesions, balding, dandruff,

  condition of nails
• Head and neck

  Headache, swelling, stiffness of neck,

  difficulty swallowing, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes
• Eyes


  Vision, eye infections, redness, excessive tearing,

  halos around lights, blurring, loss of side vision, moving

  black spots/specks in visual fields, flashing lights, double

  vision, and eye pain
• Ears


  Hearing, ringing or buzzing, earaches, drainage

  from ears, dizziness, exposure to loud noises
• Mouth, throat, nose, and sinuses


  Condition of teeth and

  gums; sore throats; mouth lesions; hoarseness;

  rhinorrhea; nasal obstruction; frequent colds; sneezing or

  itching of eyes, ears, nose, or throat; nose bleeds; snoring
• Thorax and lungs


  Difficulty breathing, wheezing, pain,

  shortness of breath during routine activity, orthopnea,

  cough or sputum, hemoptysis, respiratory infections
• Breasts and regional lymphatics

  Lumps or discharge

  from nipples, dimpling or changes in breast size, swollen

  or tender lymph nodes in axilla
• Heart and neck vessels

  Last blood pressure, ECG

  tracing or findings, chest pain or pressure, palpitations,

  edema
• Peripheral vascular


  Swelling, or edema, of legs and feet;

  pain; cramping; sores on legs; color or texture changes on

  the legs or feet
• Abdomen


  Indigestion, difficulty swallowing, nausea,

  vomiting, abdominal pain, gas, jaundice, hernias
• Male genitalia


  Excessive or painful urination, frequency

  or difficulty starting and maintaining urinary stream, leaking

  of urine, blood noted in urine, sexual problems, perineal

  lesions, penile drainage, pain or swelling in scrotum,

  difficulty achieving an erection and/or difficulty ejaculating,

  exposure to sexually transmitted infections
• Female genitalia

  Sexual problems; sexually transmitted

  diseases; voiding problems (e.g., dribbling, incontinence);

  reproductive data such as age at menarche, menstruation

  (length and regularity of cycle), pregnancies, and type of

  or problems with delivery, abortions, pelvic pain, birth

  control, menopause (date or year of last menstrual period),

  and use of hormone replacement therapy
• Anus, rectum, and prostate


  Bowel habits, pain with

  defecation, hemorrhoids, blood in stool, constipation,

  diarrhea
• Musculoskeletal


  Swelling, redness, pain, stiffness of

  joints, ability to perform activities of daily living, muscle

  strength
• Neurologic


  General mood, behavior, depression, anger,

  concussions, headaches, loss of strength or sensation,

  coordination, difficulty speaking, memory problems,

  strange thoughts and/or actions, difficulty learning
• For all examinations


  gowns and gloves
• Vital signs

  sphygmomanometer, thermometers,

  watch with second hand, pain rating scale
• Nutritional status

  weighing scale, skinfold caliper,

  flexible tape, skin marking pen
• Skin, hair, and nail

  examination light, penlight,

  mirror, metric ruler, magnifying glass, Wood's light,

  Braden Scale for predicting pressure sore, Risk

  Pressure Ulcer Scale for healing (PUSH)
• Head and neck


  stethoscope and a class of water
• Eyes


  penlight, Snellen E chart to test, newspaper,

  Opaque card to test for strabismus

  Ophthalmoscope to view the red reflex and to

  examine the retina of the eye
• Ears


  Tuning fork to test for bone and air conduction

  of sound; Otoscope to view the ear canal and

  tympanic membrane
• Mouth, Throat, Nose, and Sinus examination

  penlight to provide light, 4 × 4 inch small gauze pad,

  
  

  tongue depressor, otoscope with wide-tip

  attachment
• Thoracic and Lung examination

  stethoscope

  (diaphragm), metric ruler and skin marking pen
• Heart and Neck Vessel examination

  stethoscope

  (bell and diaphragm), two metric rulers
• Peripheral Vascular examination


  sphygmomanometer and stethoscope; flexible

  
  

  metric measuring tape, tuning fork to detect

  vibratory sensation, doppler ultrasound device and

  conductivity gel
• Abdominal examination


  Stethoscope, flexible

  metric measuring tape and skin marking pen to

  measure size, two small pillows to place under

  knees and head
• Musculoskeletal examination

  flexible metric

  measuring tape, goniometer to measure degree of

  flexion and extension of joints
• Neurologic examination

  cotton tipped

  applicators to put salt or sugar on tongue to test

  taste, newspaper, ophthalmoscope, flexible metric

  measuring tape, objects to feel, such as a coin or

  key to test for stereognosis, feflex hammer,

  cotton ball and paper clip to test for light, sharp, and

  dull touch and two+point discrimination, substances

  to smell and taste to test for smell and taste

  perception, Snellen E chart, penlight, tongue

  depressor to test for rise of uvula and gag reflex,

  tuning fork
• Male Genitalia and Rectum

  gloves and water

  soluble lubricant, penlight for scrotal illumination, specimen card for occult blood
• Female Genitalia and Rectum

  vaginal speculum

  and water soluble lubricant, Bifid spatula,

  endocervical broom to obtain endocervical swab

  and cervical scrape and vaginal pool sample, large

  swabs for vaginal examination, liquid Pap medium,

  pH paper, feminine napkins