Modern

• Describe 3 causes of disease that have been discovered since the Germ Theory?

  Viruses

  Genetics

  Lifestyle
• What did Watson & Crick discover in 1953 and how did it help medical diagnosis?

  They discovered the structure of DNA (double helix)

  It allowed other scientists to find the genes that cause genetic conditions
• When were x-rays discovered?

  1895
• How are x-rays used in medical diagnosis?

  They give doctors a detailed picture and has enabled them to intervene much earlier before the disease is too advanced
• Explain how the following individuals & institutions contributed to the production of penicillin?

  Fleming - he discovered it

  Florey & Chain - they found a way to purify penicillin. They didn't have the resources to produce penicillin in large amounts

  US Gov. - they helped Florey & Chain to produce it and used it in WW1
• Name the first 2 magic bullets?

  Salvarsan 606

  Prontosil
• Who discovered Salvarsan 606?

  Paul Ehrlich
• Who discovered Prontosil?

  Gerhard Domagk
• Give 3 advances in surgery since 1900?

  Keyhole surgery

  Blood transfusions

  Transplants
• List 5 factors that led to the founding of the NHS in 1948?

  WW2 changed attitudes towards healthcare

  Government provision of social security

  Labour Party was elected

  Aneurin Bevan wanted the NHS to be free

  Bevan made doctors and dentists to have a fixed payment for each patient
• Describe 2 government vaccination campaigns?

  Public campaigns - posters, newspaper adverts, public broadcasts
• Give 5 ways in which lung cancer diagnosis and treatments have improved?

  Link between smoking and lung cancer

  Advances in science & technology

  Can be treated using surgery

  Government campaigns

  Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy
• List 4 ways that the government has tried to reduce smoking?

  Public awareness campaigns

  Cigarette adverts were banned

  Ban smoking in public places

  Use plain packaging