Qualitative & Quantitative Examination of Bloods

• deals with changes in cellular morphology of blood cells

  qualitative examination
• includes RBC indices, WBC indices, platelet values

  quantitative examination
• quantitative examination of RBCs

  color, size, shape, presence of inclusion bodies, clumping
• quantitative examination of WBCs

  color, size, shape, presence of inclusion bodies
• quantitative examination of platelet

  shape, presence of large shifts, formation
• morphologic variation in RBC size

  anisocytosis, macrocytes, microcytes
• condition where the size of RBC varies and is a sign of splenic/liver disorders and anemia

  anisocytosis
• RBCs that are larger than normal representing immature cells

  macrocytes
• RBCs that are smaller in normal and is seen in iron deficiency

  microcytes
• morphological variation in RBC shapes

  normocytes, poikilocytes, schistocytes, acanthocytes, echinocytes, spherocytes, stomatocytes, leptocytes
• appearance of normocytes in canine

  biconcave disk
• appearance of normocytes in feline

  round cells
• generic name for abnormally shaped cells

  poikilocytes
• fragmented RBC as a result of vascular trauma

  schistocytes/schizocytes
• schistocytes are seen in

  disseminated intravascular coagulation, neoplasia
• long, irregular projections on the surface of RBC

  acanthocytes
• Identify the solid line: schistocytes

  
• Identify the dotted line: acanthocytes

  
• RBCs characterized by scalloped border on the surface of RBC

  echinocytes
• other term for echinocytes

  burr cells
• Identify the cell: echinocytes

  
• Identify the cell: spherocyte

  
• Identify the cell: stomatocyte

  
• small dense RBCs with no area of central pallor

  spherocytes
• RBCs with a slit like center opening that is seen in regeneration

  stomatocytes
• RBCs with an increase in membrane surface relative to cell volume

  leptocytes
• Identify the cell: target cells

  
• leptocytes appear on

  target cells/codocytes
• morphological variation of RBC color

  normochromasia, hypochromasia, hyperchromasia, polychromasia
• Identify the color variation: normochromasia

  
• Identify the color variation: hypochromasia

  
• Identify the color variation: hyperchromasia

  
• Identify the color variation: polychromasia

  
• Identify the cell behavior: rouleux

  
• Identify the cell behavior: autoagglutination

  
• RBCs stack on top of one another

  rouleux
• rouleux is common in

  horses
• RBCs characterized by 3D clumps of cells

  autoagglutination
• autoagglutination is seen

  immune mediated hemolytic anemia
• characterized by bluish granular bodies seen on the surface of RBCs

  basophilic stippling