Equilibria

• Reversible reaction: A reaction in which products can be changed back into reactants by reversing the conditions
• Dynamic equilibrium: State in which the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction, and there is no further change in conc of reactants and products in a closed system
• Le chatelier's principle: If a change is made to a system at dynamic equilibrium, the position of equilibrium moves to minimize this change
• Factors that affect le chateliers principle

  • Temperature
  • pressure
  • catalyst
  • concentration
• Partial pressure

  Pressure exerted by any one gas when it occupies a certain volume alone at a fixed temp
• Conjugate base: What remains after an acid has donated a proton during a chemical reaction
• Conjugate acid: Contains more H+ atom and more + charge that the base that formed it
• Acid

  Methyl orange: Red

  Phenolphthalein: Colorless

  
  

  Alkali

  Methyl orange: yellow

  Phenolphthalein: pink

  
  

  Methyl orange: works best at ph = 3.1 to 4.4

  Phenolphthalein: works best at ph = 8.3 to 10