racial tension and civil rights

• What laws segregated African Americans in the 1950s?

  Jim Crow laws
• What was the main goal of the civil rights movement?

  To achieve equality between white and African Americans
• When did the civil rights movement begin?

  In the 1940s
• What organization played a key role in the civil rights movement?

  Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
• What did the Jim Crow laws enforce?

  ‘Separate but equal’ segregation
• How did the reality of segregation differ from the Jim Crow laws' promise?

  They were not equal at all in practice
• What were the demands of African Americans in the civil rights movement?

  • End to segregation
  • Equal access to housing and education
  • End to discrimination in employment
  • End to restrictions on voting
• What was the significance of Brown vs Topeka?

  It challenged school segregation laws
• Who was Emmett Till?

  A 14-year-old African American boy
• What happened to Emmett Till in 1955?

  He was murdered after being falsely accused
• What was the impact of Emmett Till's murder on the civil rights movement?

  It highlighted the violent persecution of African Americans
• What did the Supreme Court order in 1955 regarding schools?

  All schools should be desegregated
• Who were the Little Rock Nine?

  Nine black students registered to attend a white school
• What was the role of President Eisenhower in the Little Rock crisis?

  He intervened to allow the students entry
• When did the legal battle for the Little Rock Nine end?

  In 1959
• What were the key events in the Brown vs Topeka timeline?

  • Aug 1951: Oliver Brown sues for desegregation
  • Dec 1952: Supreme Court hears arguments
  • May 1954: Supreme Court declares desegregation permissible
  • May 1954: Court orders schools to desegregate 'with all deliberate speed'
• What was the outcome of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

  Desegregation of buses in Montgomery
• Who was Rosa Parks?

  A young African American who refused to give up her seat
• How long did the Montgomery Bus Boycott last?

  381 days
• What was Martin Luther King Jr's role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

  He helped organize the boycott
• What was Martin Luther King Jr's philosophy?

  Belief in non-violent protest and civil disobedience
• When did Martin Luther King Jr give his 'I Have a Dream' speech?

  In 1963
• What organization did King found in 1957?

  Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
• What was the significance of the March on Washington?

  It was a major civil rights demonstration
• What did the 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplish?

  Banned segregation and made discrimination illegal
• What was Malcolm X's view on non-violent protest?

  He rejected it and supported self-defense
• How did Malcolm X's views evolve over time?

  He initially supported separation but later accepted integration
• What were the key features of the Black Power movement?

  • Rejected non-violent protest
  • Focused on black pride and identity
  • Advocated for black businesses and communities
  • Supported violent self-defense if necessary
• What did the 1968 Civil Rights Act focus on?

  Fair housing and protection for civil rights workers
• What was the impact of Kennedy's presidency on civil rights?

  He challenged political discrimination and supported civil rights
• What was the role of the Community Action Program (CAP) under Kennedy?

  It aimed to improve opportunities for the poor
• What did many people believe about Kennedy's approach to civil rights?

  He was too moderate for some activists
• What was the significance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

  It banned segregation and discrimination
• How did the civil rights movement evolve in the 1960s?

  It shifted from non-violent protests to more radical approaches