Evolution

• Which evolutionary thinker developed the theory of natural selection?

  Darwin
• What was Lamarck's theory of evolution called?

  Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
• Inheritance of acquired characteristics (Lamarck):

  • Rapid changes
  • Organism chooses to change itself
• Natural selection (Darwin):

  • Gradual changes
  • Common ancestors
  • Natural selection to select favourable trait
• How natural selection occurs:

  1. More offspring than needed are produced
  2. Natural variation in population
  3. Change in environment leads to selection of favourable characteristic
  4. Must be inheritable trait
• Which thinker believed that more use and disuse of a characteristic would lead it to enhance /shrink?

  Lamarck
• Which thinker believed that characteristics acquired by parents would be passed on to children?

  Lamarck
• Natural selection:

  • When: Change in environmental conditions
  • Where: Micro and macro populations
  • Why: To select the most favourable characteristic in order to improve chances of survival
• What is the term for a group of organisms that live in the same area and who can reproduce to produce fertile offspring?

  species
• Species: a group of organisms that live in the same area and who can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
• Population: a species found in the same place at the same time.
• Speciation:

  • When: a population is separated by a geographical barrier
  • Where: Macro populations
  • Why: When natural selection happens, changes in alleles and lack of gene flow occurs, and a newly adapted species forms

  
• Artificial selection:

  • When: humans chose a desirable trait they want to enhance
  • Where: Macro-populations/micro-populations
  • Why: to produce plants and animals with desired characteristics that may have a high yield, high nutrient value, bright colour and long shelf life

  
• Artificial selection does NOT increase the chances of the organisms survival. Sometimes it could decrease their chances of survival in the wild.
• Evolution today:

  • When: Often when animals are exposed to environments influenced by humans
  • Where: Macro-populations
  • Why: When natural selection occurs due to possible human influence and the response has caused new species to arise in order to survive new environments.
• Label this image - which is antibiotic resistant and which is antibiotic susceptible?

  A) Resistant

  B) Susceptible

  
• 2. Inheritance of acquired characteristics

  • phenotypic changes
  • acquired by parents and passed on to offspring