EROSION = the wearing away of rock, involving movement
deposition = when the ice carrying the material melts, the material if deposited (dropped) on the valley floor
transportation = glacier moves material over large distance
plucking = happens when meltwater at the base, back and the side of the glacier freezes onto the rock, when the glacier moves forward it plucks the rock out.
2 signs of plucking are :
jugged rocks
scree (loose rocks on the mountainside)
abrasion = bits of rocks stuck in the ice grind against the bedrock below the glacier, wearing it away.
sign of abrasion :
striations (marks on the bedrock)
Pleistocene = the epoch (an event or a time that begins a new period or development) from 2.6 million yrs ago- 11,700 yrs ago (includes the ice age)
holocene = current epoch (an event or a time that begins a new period or development) began 11 700 yrs ago
quaternary period = current period, contains both the Pleistocene and the holocene
u - shaped valley/glacial trough = eroded by glaciers
v - shaped valley = erosion by rivers/lakes
striation = a series of long, straight, parallel lines or grooves scratched onto a bedrock surface by rock fragments lodged in the base of a moving glacier
moraine = deposit of unsorted material left behind when a glacier melts
corrie/cwm/cirque = They form when the glacier deepens an existing hollow through freeze-thaw, As the ice moves down the mountain does so in a circular motion which further deepens the hollow, leaving a lip at the end.
corrie lake/tarn = Due to less erosion at the front of the glacier a corrie lip is formed. After the glacier has melted a lake forms in the hollow.
arete = is a knife-edge ridge. It is formed when two neighbouring corries or ushaped valleys run back to back. As each glacier erodes either side of the ridge, the edge becomes steeper and the ridge becomes narrower
pyrimidal peak = formed where three or more corries and arêtes meet.
till = all material deposited by a glacier
rotational slip = Movement of the ice out of the corrie in a circular motion
moraine = material left behind by a moving glacier.
outwash = material carried away from a glacier by meltwater and depositedbeyond the moraine.
erratic = A glacial erratic is a glacially deposited rock differing from the type of rock native to the area in which it rests
contour lines = a line drawn on a topographic map to indicate ground elevation or depression (pressure)
sedimentary rock = formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms.
e.g. sandstone and limestone
igneous rocks = form when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies
e.g. granite and basalt
metamorphic rock = started out as some other type of rock, but have been substantially changed from their original igneous, sedimentary, or earlier metamorphic form.
e.g. schist and marble
relief/topography = the term used for the differences in height from place to place on the land's surface
tectonice = relating to the structure of the surface of the earth and the way it is formed, changed, and moved by forces inside it: the motion of the earth's tectonic plates