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Cara Cunningham
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Cards (34)
Hinge joints
allow for
flexion
and
extension
in body parts like the
elbow
,
ankle
, and
knee
Ball
and
socket joints
, found in the
shoulder
and
hip
, allow for a
wide range
of
movements
a joint is where two bones meet
A
tendon
connects
muscle
to
bone
, while a
ligament
connects
bone
to
bone
Mechanics of breathing:
Breathing in (
exercise
):
Inhaled air expands
the
rib cage
Pectoral muscles
pull
ribs out
Sternocleidomastoid muscles
raise the
rib cage
to create space for
expansion
Breathing out (
exercise
):
Ribs
are
pulled down
due to the
sternum
Air
is pushed out
faster
The skeletal system:
Flat
bones:
scapula
,
cranium
,
pelvis
Long
bones:
femur
,
humerus
,
tibia
Irregular
bones:
patella
,
vertebrae
Short
bones:
talus
skeletal system functions
Blood cell production
Movement at joints
Support for bones and vital organs
Protection for internal organs
Structure and points for attachment
Mineral storage to maintain bone strength
Main bones in the body:
206
bones connected via
ligaments
,
tendons
, and
cartilage
Examples include
talus
,
cranium
,
vertebrae
,
scapula
,
humerus
,
sternum
,
ribs
,
femur
,
tibia
,
fibula
,
patella
, and
pelvis
The muscular system includes muscles like:
Shoulder:
deltoid
,
rotator cuffs
,
latissimus dorsi
,
pectorals
Elbow:
bicep
,
tricep
Hip:
hip flexor
,
gluteals
Knee:
quadriceps
,
hamstring
Ankle:
gastrocnemius
,
tibialis anterior
Movement analysis
:
1st class lever- heading a ball
Levers provide mechanical advantage in movements like kicking a ball
Movement analysis:
Flexion
and
extension
occur in the
sagittal
plane
Abduction
and
adduction
in the
frontal
plane
Rotation
in the
transverse
plane
Movement analysis:
Agonist
is the
prime mover
,
antagonist relaxes
to allow
agonist
movement
Eccentric
- the muscle lengthens
Concentric-muscle
shortens
Second class lever-
press-up
Third
class
lever- forehand tennis
shot
Load
is always on
top
Fulcrum is always
below
the line
Mechanical advantage=
effort arm
/
load arm
Sagittal
plane =
transverse
axis
flexion
and
extension
frontal plane =
Sagittal axis
adduction
and
abduction
Transverse
plane = longitudinal
axis
rotation
Isometric-
muscle remains the same
length
Isotonic-
muscle changes
length
, causes
movement
Training methods:
static training
-
static stretching
,
isometric contraction
anyone can do
,
reduces injury
, can take time
Weight training-
involve different weights
,
train muscles
need correct technique
Circuit training-
flexible
form of
training
, different
exercises
can be made
simple
or
complex
Max heart rate=
220-age
Vasodilation-
blood vessel widens
Vasoconstriction-
blood vessel narrows
Pathway of blood
vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs-gaseous exchange
pulmonary vein
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
working muscles
EPOC
Exercise post oxygen consumption
SPORT
Specific
Progressive
Overload
Reversibility
Tedium
FITT
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
EPOC-
post-exercise oxygen consumption
, the
amount of oxygen
used by the body after
exercise
to remove
lactic acid
ad
recover