Test for Anions

• Anion: Carbonate (CO3 2-)

  Test: Add dilute nitric acid

  Results: Effervescence, bubble the gas evolved through limewater, changes from colourless to white precipitate (carbon dioxide)
• Anion: Chloride (Cl-)

  Test: Add dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate

  Results: White precipitate forms (silver(I) chloride)
• Anion: Bromide (Br-)

  Test: Add dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate

  Results: Cream precipitate forms (silver(I) bromide)
• Anion: Iodide (l-)

  Test: Add dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate

  Results: Yellow precipitate forms (silver(I) Iodide)
• Anion: Nitrate (NO3 -)

  Test: Add aqueous sodium hydroxide, then aluminum foil, warm carefully

  Results: Gas produced which turns damp red litmus paper blue (ammonia)
• Anion: Sulfate (SO4 2-)

  Test: Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous barium nitrate or aqueous barium chloride

  Results: White precipitate forms (barium sulfate)
• Anion: Sulfite (SO3 2-)

  Test: Add dilute hydrochloric acid, warm gently

  Result: Gas produced, which will turns Acidified Potassium Manganate (VII) from purple to colourless (sulfur dioxide)