UN Case Studies

• IMF: Challenge to 'Georgia'

  • Since 2014, Georgia has faced external pressure to economic stability
  • Pressure on currency + loweer global oil/commodity prices which has meant a decrease in revenue from their exports
• IMF: Approach to 'Georgia'

  • NBG (National Bank of Georgia) has undertaken number of reforms based on advice from IMF
  • April 2015, Georgia and IMF worked to together to strengthen central bank financial reporting + risk management work
  • Developed set of stronger risk management policies in line with global standards
  • More effectively integrate strategic considerations in NBG's yearly budget
• IMF : Impact of 'Georgia'

  • NBG has joined 'International Operational Risk Working Group' of more than 60 central banks worldwide that share best practices on risk management
  • Estabished ongoing relationship between Georgia’s and the Netherlands’ central banks, so the NBG could learn from an advanced European central banking system.
  • Enhanced the NBG’s reputation as a governance role model for other central banks
• Four aims of IMF

  1. Promote international monetary cooperation and exchange rate stability
  2. Facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade
  3. Assist in the establishment of multi-lateral system of payments
  4. Make resources available (with adequate safeguards) to members experiencing balance of payments difficulties!!!!!
• Roles of IMF

  Surveillance, Capacity Development
• Aims of UN

  1. To maintain international peace and security.
  2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples
  3. To achieve international co-operation in solving problems and promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all
  4. To be a centre for harmonising the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.
• Roles of UN

  1. Deployment of Peace-Keeping Missions around the world
  2. Provide a forum for states to debate issues of international concern
  3. Assist parties in conflict to make Peace and create conditions to allow peace to hold
• UN: MINSUMA in Mali

  • Aim #1
  • Peace-Keeping Mission in Mali deployed (15 thousand personnel) in April 2013
  • December 2023: MINUSMA closes its official headquarters in Mali
• UN: Ceasefire in Yemeni Civil War

  • Aim #1 #2
  • Fighting and conflict since 2015
  • April 2022, UN Special Envoy for Yemen (Hans Grundber) brokered a truce in all attacks in which formally held for 6 months
  • First major ceasefire
• UN: Conference of Parties

  • Aim #2 #3
  • Annual summit involving party states to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
  • Eg. Resulted in 2015 Paris Agreement
• Structure of UN

  • General Assembly (every member state is able to vote, equal to every other state no matter influence, resolutions passed is non-binding)
  • Security council (5 permanent members, 10 non-permanent members rotate every 2 years, resolutions passed are binding)
  • Economic and Social Council
  • International Court of Justice (states are tried)
  • The Secretary (currently Antonio Gueterres