Elizabeth 1

• What was the reason for the northern earls

  They lost money and didn’t like their treatment
• The throckmorton plot was in 1583
• Mary of Scot’s was exec In 1587 8th February
• The babington plot was in 1586
• Walsingham has spies that could capture catholic priests efficiently
• Elizabeth was excommunicated in 1570
• once Mary had been in jail for 19 years the babington plot was made
• Causes of the Throckmorton Plot:

  • Missionary priests were sent by the pope
  • Support for Catholicism increased in the North
  • In 1581, a law was passed stating that converting to Catholicism was treason
• Plans of the Throckmorton Plot:

  • Incite an uprising in the North with the French Duke de Guise by using Spanish money
• Events of the Throckmorton Plot:

  • Throckmorton carried messages between French and Spanish Ambassadors
  • The plot never took place because it was stopped quickly enough
• Supporters and significance in the Throckmorton Plot:

  • Francis Throckmorton
  • French and Spanish Ambassadors
  • Pope
  • Spanish money
  • Northern Rebels
  • French Army
  • Queen Elizabeth I looked for ways to convict Mary
• Consequences of the Throckmorton Plot:

  • Throckmorton was executed in 1584
  • 11,000 Catholics were imprisoned or under house arrest
  • Henry Percy killed himself due to his involvement
  • Elizabeth started looking for ways to convict Mary
  • In 1585, a law was passed making it illegal to house a Catholic priest
  • Catholics were treated with great suspicion
• What went wrong in the Throckmorton Plot:

  • Throckmorton's house was searched, letters were found
  • He was arrested, then confessed under torture
  • The Spanish money was never sent
• walsinghams interception methods:

  • Hired men who could open & close letters without people knowing
  • Employed a man who decoded the intercepted letters
  • Placed informers in people's houses
• Informers' role:

  • People were encouraged to report any threat
  • Lower lieutenants had to report any threat to Elizabeth
• Campion & Throckmorton were victims of the rack, used to extract information as a warning
• The Bond of Association in 1584 stated that in the event of Elizabeth's life being threatened, Mary would die
• Spies were placed in France, Italy, and Spain, some working in plots and reporting information to Naisingnam
• Walsingham's role in Parliament was influential, leading to acts and priests' executions
• walsinghams spies efficiently captured priests, sent by the Pope for missionary duties from 1574
• Searches and registers:

  • Town councilors could search any foreigners' house for letters
  • Owners of taverns and inns had to report any travelers staying with them
  • Custom officials could stop, question, and search travelers to check for messages
• Causes of the Babington Plot:

  • All their other failed attempts
  • Mary had been in prison for 19 years
  • Elizabeth had harsh treatment towards Catholics after the Throckmorton-plot
• Plans of the Babington Plot:

  • Babington wrote to Mary with 6 ways to kill Elizabeth
  • The Duke of Guise planned to invade with 60,000 troops
  • Pope and Phillip II supported the plot
• What happened with the Babington Plot:

  • The plot never happened because the letters were intercepted
• Support and significance of the Babington Plot:

  • French Army
  • Pope
  • Mary
  • Anthony Babington
  • Spanish money
  • Mary was killed
• Consequences of the Babington Plot:

  • Mary was executed on 8th February 1587
  • The plotters were rounded up, trialed & executed
  • Since Spain had been at war with England since 1585, they posed a massive invasion
  • 31 Catholics were executed and 300 recusants arrested
• What went wrong in the Babington Plot:

  • Walsingham had spies in Mary's house
  • Walsingham intercepted and read Mary's letters
  • Mary's sealed store was unlined with good and speedy horses
• Causes of the Ridolfi Plot:

  • Catholics didn't have to obey Elizabeth
  • Many Catholics were executed
  • They had support from the Pope and Spain
• Plan of the Ridolfi Plot:

  • Ridolfi had messages sent to Spanish troops in the Netherlands
  • Messages were also sent between parties involved
• What happened with the Ridolfi Plot:

  • The plot was stopped quickly before it could be carried out
  • $10,000 Spanish troops were ready to invade England and kill Elizabeth
  • Many wanted to marry the Duke of Norfolk
• Significance and Consequences of the Ridolfi Plot:

  • The Duke of Norfolk and were executed
  • Spanish ambassadors were sent away
  • A law was passed punishing dissent with death
  • Reinforced the Spanish threat from the Netherlands
  • Elizabeth tried to improve relationships with France
• What went wrong with the Ridolfi Plot:

  • Spanish troops delayed action until Elizabeth was off the throne
  • Walsingham's network discovered the plot
• Details about the Ridolfi Plot:

  • Ridolfi confessed as his servants were interrogated
  • Ridolfi stayed in France
• The Northern Earls were losing money due to the religious settlement and were influenced by their wives, planning to create an uprising in the North, capture Hartlepool port for Spanish troops' help, meet Norfolk to kill Elizabeth and place Mary on the throne
• During the Revolt of the Northern Earls, they ordered their men to join them, charged into Durham Cathedral destroying Protestant prayer books and English Bibles, overturned the communion table, and celebrated Catholic mass in Latin
• Hartlepool was captured during the revolt, but the Earl of Sussex's royal army of 10,000 made most rebels turn back
• Significance of the revolt:

  • Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland
  • Catholics in the North
  • Duke of Norfolk
  • First time Catholics posed a threat
  • Spanish were seen as a massive threat
• Consequences of the revolt:

  • Catholic threat was realized
  • Council of the North was set up
  • Earl of Northumberland was executed
  • Approximately 450 people were executed across the North
  • In 1570, the Pope excommunicated Elizabeth, releasing Catholics from obeying her
• What went wrong during the revolt:

  • The Earls were never met by Spanish troops in Hartlepool
  • The Earls fled to Scotland, where Westmorland escaped abroad, Northumberland was handed over and executed in 1572
  • Norfolk was found out and arrested before they could meet
• What three religions divided religions?

  Catholicism, Protestantism, Puritanism