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• Voting or Suffrage is a privilege and right given to every Filipino citizen. More than anything

  else however, it is a responsibility that every Filipino is expected to fulfill in earnest.
• By voting, a Filipino is given the opportunity to be directly involved in the affairs of the nation and have a stake in national interest. Thus, voting is a privilege.
• every citizen is entitled to vote and cannot be

  deterred from fulfilling this function. Hence, voting is one of the Filipino’s most inalienable rights.
• By casting his vote, a Filipino makes himself a part of the nation’s conscience whereby his decisions affect the history of the whole nation, the well- being of his community and the fate of his

  family.
• by deciding the fate and interest of the whole nation, the Filipino is charged with the responsibility to promote and uphold what is beneficial to the Common Good
• voting is a critical responsibility of every qualified Filipino citizen
• An election is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office.
• The universal use of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern democracies

  is in contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype, ancient Athens.
• Where universal suffrage exists, the right to vote is not restricted by gender, race, social status, or wealth.
• Suffrage: The right or chance to vote, express an opinion, or participate in a decision.
• Election: A process of choosing a leader, members of parliament, councilors or other

  representatives by popular vote.
• direct democracy: a form of government in which political decisions are made directly by the

  entire body of qualified citizens—is impractical in most modern societies.
• democratic government must be conducted through representatives.
• Elections enable voters to select leaders and to hold them accountable for their performance

  in office.
• Accountability can be undermined when elected leaders do not care whether they

  are re-elected or when, for historical or other reasons, one party or coalition is so dominant

  that there is effectively no choice for voters among alternative candidates, parties, or

  policies.
• When the electoral process is competitive and forces candidates or parties to expose their records and future intentions to popular scrutiny, elections serve as forums for the discussion of public issues and facilitate the expression of public opinion.
• Elections thus provide political education for citizens and ensure the responsiveness of democratic governments to the will of the people.
• Elections also reinforce the stability and legitimacy of the political community
• elections link citizens to each other and

  thereby confirm the viability of the polity. As a result, elections help to facilitate social and political integration.
• Elections serve a self-actualizing purpose by confirming the worth and dignity of individual

  citizens as human beings.
• Voting gives people an opportunity to have their say and, through expressing partisanship, to satisfy their need to feel a sense of belonging.
• Even nonvoting satisfies the need of some people to express their alienation from the political community.
• the long battle for the right to vote and the demand for equality in electoral participation can be viewed as the manifestation of a profound human craving for personal fulfillment.
• Whether held under authoritarian or democratic regimes, elections have a ritualistic aspect.
• Candidates, political parties, and interest groups representing diverse objectives invoke the

  symbols of nationalism or patriotism, reform or revolution, past glory or future promise.
• elections are events that, by arousing emotions and channeling them toward collective symbols, break the monotony of daily life and focus attention on the common fate.
• This can also be called “packing of voter’s lists.”

  Registration of nonqualified voters
• To ensure that a candidate will have

  captive votes, he will haul in voters even if these voters do not meet the citizenship, age, or

  residence requirements.

  registration of nonqualified voters
• This is resorted to when a candidate believes that a voter or group of voters will vote for his opponent/s. it can come in the form of discouraging them from registering at all or, if they managed to register, to exclude them from the voter’s lists through an ostensibly legal exclusion

  proceeding in court.

  Disenfranchisement of qualified voters
• Election is the formal process of selecting a person for public office or of accepting or rejecting a political proposition by voting.
• In some cases, electoral forms are present but the substance of an election is missing, as

  when voters do not have a free and genuine choice between at least two alternatives.
• Chained balloting is also known as “lansadera”
• Another way of ensuring that the brought voter will live up to his end of the bargain is to specify how that voter will fill out his ballot. The voter can be required to write the candidate’s name in a peculiar way,
• This is the simplest way of buying votes, where a candidate is certain that a voter will

  not vote for him, he can pay him not to vote. Efficiency can be achieved by herding the

  voters together and getting them on a bus that will take them away for the rest of the day.

  Negative vote buying
• This has the same objectives as negative vote buying except that no financial benefit

  accrues to the voter. With the connivance of the Board of Election Inspectors (BOI), the voter’s

  name is deleted from the list. This results in confusion resulting to voter’s disenfranchisement.

  Fraud or stealth
• All citizens of the Philippines abroad, at least eighteen (18) years of age on the day of

  election, not otherwise disqualified by the law land who are not registered as voter under R.A. No.

  8189, known as The Voters Registration Act No. 8189 (System of Continuing Registration)


  Overseas absentee voting act of 2003
• An affidavit declaring that

  1. He/ She shall resume actual physical permanent residence in the Philippines not laterthan three (3) years from approval of his/ her Registration; and
  2. he/she has not applied for citizenship in another country.

  oversees absentee voter application
• Don’t open booths of stalls of the sale, etc. of wares, merchandise or refreshments, within thirty (30)

  meters radius from polling places