Cellular Respiration (revised)

• Label the Aerobic Respiration:

  A) Glycolysis

  B) Pyruvate

  C) Krebs cycle

  D) Electron Transport

  
• Where does Glycolysis take place?

  Cytoplasm

  
• Glycolysis is anaerobic. This means that Glycolysis does not require what?

  Oxygen
• In Glycolysis, what is glucose (the sugar from the equation) converted to?

  Pyruvate
• What is Glycolysis's net yield? *hint: nap

  2 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 Pyruvate
• What term refers to a coenzyme that has the ability to transfer electrons from glucose and other fuel molecules to the electron transport chain for ATP?

  NADH

  
• This term refers to the metabolic process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH in the cytoplasm of cells?

  Glycolysis
• When the 2 pyruvates from the Glycolysis net yeild is transported by active transport into the mitochondrial matrix, what happens to the pyruvate?

  Oxidizes
• After pyruvate oxidizes in the mitochondrial matrix, what is pyruvate converted into and how many?

  AcetylCoA; 2
• After pyruvate is converted into AcetylCoA, carbon dioxide is relased and what is produced?

  NADH

  
• Where is the Citric Acide Cycle (Krebs cycle) located?

  Mitochondria
• Which two phases of Cellular Respiration takes place in the mitochondrial matrix?

  Pyruvate and Krebs Cycle

  
• Within the Citric Acid Cycle, carbon dioxide is released and what is produced? *hint: net yield

  2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2
• This term refers to a key molecule produced during glycolysis, which serves as the starting point for both aerobic respiration and fermentation?

  Pyruvate
• This term is reffered to as a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria and generate energy by oxidizing acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?

  Citric Acid Cycle
• This term is reffered to as a series of protein complexes and molecules embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons, driving the synthesis of ATP, the cell's energy currency?

  Electron transport chain
• This term refers to the process where the movement of ions across a membrane generates ATP, the cell's energy currency? *hint: electron transport chain

  Chemiosmosis
• Which phase of cellular respiration takes place inside the inner mitochondrial membrane and is aerobic?

  Electron transport chain

  
• In the Krebs Cycle, electrons are carried from the __ and __ to protein complexes and electron carriers?

  Consider the graph below to answer:

  A) NADH

  B) FADH 2

  
• During the Electron Transport Chain phase of cellular respiration, whose role is to carry energy through the electron transport chain to facilitate the production of ATP?

  Electrons
• During the Electron Transport Chain phase of cellular respiration, whose role is it to serve as electron carriers that facilitate the transfer of electrons between complexes?

  Cytochromes
• Electrons are used to generate a proton gradient as protons are pumped acrossed the inter membrane space. What does protons travel through?

  ATP Synthase
• What makes ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP within the Electron Transport Chain?

  ATP Synthase
• This term is referred to as the molecule that forms when ATP (adenosine triphosphate) loses one phosphate group during cellular respiration, releasing energy for cellular processes?

  ADP
• This term refers to the process by which protons travel down their electrochemical gradient through a portion of ATP Synthase, powering it to make ATP?

  Chemiosmosis
• Which term refers to the final acceptor of elctrons during cellular respiration?

  Oxygen
• Which phase of cellular respiartion makes a lot more ATP than any other phase?

  Electron transport chain
• What works as an ion pump, uses energy of existing ion gradient to power ATP synthesis?

  ATP Synthase

  
• Considering ATP Synthase, where h+ ions enter, they bind to sites within rotor causing it to change shape and spin this is called?

  Stator

  
• Based on ATP Synthase, what spins as a result of the rotor spinning and extends into the knob?

  internal rod

  
• Based on ATP Synthase, this type of knob is what actually produces ATP?

  catalytic knob

  
• In glycolysis what starts the process of glucose oxidation?

  ATP
• In terms of fermentation we know lactate is fermentation in human muscles and ethanol is fermentation in yeast and bacteria. What is aerobic oxidation?

  Acetyl
• What is not a product of the citric acid cycle?

  AcetylCoA
• The direct role of O2 in mitochondrial electron transport is to function as the final electron acceptor in which part of the production of ATP?

  electron transport chain
• During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____?

  NADH AND FADH2; inter membrane space
• In muscle cells fermentation produces?

  Lactate; NAD+
• In fermentation pyruvate is reduced and what is oxidized?

  NADH