Binary System: has values 0 and 1, with the leftmost bit called the Most Significant Bit (MSB)
Denary System: base 10 with values from 0 to 9
Hexadecimal (Hex) System: base 16 with values from 0 to 9 followed by A to F (A represents 10, B represents 11, and so on until F)
Number Conversions:
Converting Binary to Denary: place binary value in columns of 2 raised to the power of the number of values from the right, then add the values with 1s
Converting Denary to Binary: successively divide the value by 2, noting remainders
Converting Hexadecimal to Binary: separate each value, convert to denary, then to binary and merge all binary values
Converting Binary to Hexadecimal: divide binary into groups of 4, find denary value, convert to hexadecimal, and put all values in order
Overflow occurs when the solution exceeds the given values' limit
Use of the Hexadecimal System:
Hexadecimal is used in defining colors in HTML, MAC addresses, assembly languages, memory dumps, debugging, display error codes, and IP addresses
Using hexadecimal makes writing code easier, faster, and less error-prone than binary
Text:
ASCII: standard 7-bit code representing letters, numbers, and characters on a keyboard
Unicode: extends ASCII to support multiple languages and more data
Sound:
Sound is analog and is converted to digital form through sampling
Sampling resolution: number of bits per sample, increasing it increases accuracy but also memory usage
Sampling rate: number of sound samples taken per second, measured in Hertz (Hz)
Images:
Bitmap Images: made up of pixels and stored as binary numbers
Colour Depth: number of bits representing each color
Image Resolution: number of pixels in an image, higher resolution means more detail
Measurement of the Size ofComputer Memo
Data on a hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD) is stored in sectors, small sections of the disk that can store a specific amount of data, arranged in tracks and clusters
Sectors are the smallest unit of data storage on a disk, arranged in tracks which are concentric circles on the disk
When data is written to the disk, it is stored in the first available sector; if the data is larger than one sector, it will be stored in multiple sectors
When data is read from the disk, it is read from the sector in which it was stored
Von Neumann architecture connects the processor, memory, input/output devices, and storage in a computer system
Von Neumann architecture is a type of computer system architecture
Von Neumann architecture includes the processor, memory, input/output devices, and storage connected together
Von Neumann architecture was developed by John von Neumann
Von Neumann architecture is used in most modern computers
Von Neumann architecture consists of the central processing unit (CPU) which includes the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit, and System Clock
The Control Unit in the CPU controls the operation of memory, processor, and input/output devices
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in the CPU carries out logic system calculations
The System Clock in the CPU produces timing signals for the processor
Von Neumann architecture is essential for the functioning of modern computer systems
Von Neumann architecture is named after John von Neumann, a mathematician and physicist
Von Neumann architecture is a fundamental concept in computer science
Von Neumann architecture is a key principle in computer organization and design
Von Neumann architecture is crucial for the operation of computers by connecting different components
Von Neumann architecture integrates the key elements of a computer system for efficient operation
Von Neumann architecture ensures the seamless functioning of a computer system by linking its components
Von Neumann architecture plays a vital role in the operation and performance of modern computers
Von Neumann architecture is a foundational concept in computer engineering
Von Neumann architecture is crucial for the coordination and functioning of computer hardware components
Von Neumann architecture is a cornerstone in computer system design and operation
Von Neumann architecture is a key framework in computer architecture
Von Neumann architecture is a fundamental structure in computer systems
Von Neumann architecture is a pivotal concept in computer science and engineering
Von Neumann architecture is a critical aspect of computer organization
Von Neumann architecture is a significant principle in computer system development
Von Neumann architecture is a central concept in computer architecture and design
Von Neumann architecture is a key element in the design and operation of computer systems
Von Neumann architecture is a crucial framework in computer engineering