BUSINESS ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

• Schaffer and Emerson's 1964 study on attachment:

  • Aim: identify stages of attachment / find a pattern in the development of an attachment between infants and parents
  • Participants: 60 babies from Glasgow
  • Procedure: analysed interactions between infants and carers
  • Findings: babies of parents/carers with 'sensitive responsiveness' were more likely to have formed an attachment
• Freud's superego is the moral component of the psyche, representing internalized societal values and standards
• The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

  
• Planning involves defining goals, establishing strategies, and developing plans to coordinate activities
• Organizing involves determining what needs to be done, how it will be done, and who will do it
• Leading involves motivating, leading, and taking actions to deal with people
• Controlling involves monitoring activities to ensure they are accomplished as planned
• Managers' required skills change as they move up the hierarchy:

  • Lower levels: strong technical skills
  • Middle levels: stronger human skills
  • Top level: strong conceptual skills

  
• Table of skills and their corresponding functions:

  • Planning
  • Organizing
  • Leading
  • Controlling

  
• Changes impacting the manager's job:

  • Changing technology
  • Increased security threats
  • Increased emphasis on organizational and managerial ethics
  • Increased competitiveness

  
• Rewards of being a manager include working with a variety of people, receiving recognition and status, and influencing organizational outcomes

  
• Challenges of being a manager include working hard, dealing with a variety of personalities, and often having to make do with limited resources
• Management roles approach by Mintzberg:

  • Interpersonal roles: figurehead, leader, liaison
  • Informational roles: monitor, disseminator, spokesperson
  • Decisional roles: disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator
• Managers' functions:

  • Planning: defining goals, establishing strategies, developing plans
  • Organizing: arranging and structuring work
  • Leading: working with people to accomplish goals
  • Controlling: monitoring, comparing, correcting work
• Skills approach for managers:

  • Technical skills: knowledge and proficiency in a specific field
  • Human skills: ability to work well with other people
  • Conceptual skills: ability to think about abstract and complex situations concerning the organization
• Venn diagram with circles labeled "Distinct Purpose", "Deliberate Structure", and "People", where the "People" circle intersects with the other two

  
• Table comparing traditional organizations with contemporary organizations based on characteristics like stability, flexibility, and focus

  
• Image showing the different areas, levels, and types of organizations where management is needed

  
• The increasing importance of customers:

  • Customers are the reason organizations exist
  • Managing customer relationships is the responsibility of all managers and employees
  • Consistent high-quality customer service is essential for survival
• Innovation:

  • Doing things differently, exploring new territory, taking risks
  • Managers should encourage employees to be aware of and act on opportunities for innovation
• What is an organization?

  • A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish a specific purpose
  • Characteristics: distinct purpose, composed of people, deliberate structure
• The changing organization:

  • Good management is needed in all organizations
  • Employees either manage or are managed
  • Management offers challenging, exciting, and creative opportunities
• The value of studying management:

  • Universal need for management
  • Management offers challenging, exciting, and creative opportunities
• Rewards and challenges of being a manager:

  • Rewards: working with a variety of people, recognition, influencing outcomes
  • Challenges: working hard, dealing with personalities, limited resources
• Insights for students:

  • Apply management principles and practices in various areas of study
• Questions:

  • What is an organization?
  • What is the relevance of management study?
  • In what areas can students apply management principles and practices?
• Organization is defined as an organized body of people with a particular purpose, such as a business, society, association, etc
• Examples of organizations include government, schools, hospitals, banks, NGOs, associations, political parties, and religious groups
• Management is the administration of organizations, whether they are a business, a nonprofit organization, or a government body
• Management involves leading, coordinating, and administering tasks to accomplish goals
• The 5 operations of management are goal setting, organization, team management, goal tracking, and leadership
• In everyday life, people manage various tasks like home, family, work, shopping, saving money, purchasing vegetables, and social life
• Business is the practice of making a living or making money by producing or buying and selling products
• An organization is a structured group of people working together to achieve common goals or objectives
• The relevance of studying management lies in understanding how to effectively plan, organize, lead, and control resources to achieve organizational goals
• Areas where students can apply management principles & practices:

  • Planning: setting academic goals and creating study schedules
  • Organizing: arranging study materials and group projects
  • Leading: taking leadership roles in group assignments
  • Controlling: monitoring progress and adjusting study strategies
• Learning insights for a comprehensive submission:

  • Include name, program, year & section, course/subject, date of submission
  • Label as "Learning Task 1"
  • Be creative in integrating guide questions into insights
  • Submit a printed copy on letter-size paper
• An organization is a group of individuals working together in a structured and coordinated way to achieve specific goals or objectives
• The relevance of management study lies in its ability to provide individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to effectively plan, organize, lead, and control resources within an organization to achieve its goals
• Areas where students can apply management principles & practices:

  • Planning: setting goals and outlining the steps to achieve them
  • Organizing: structuring tasks and resources efficiently
  • Leading: motivating and guiding team members
  • Controlling: monitoring progress and making adjustments as needed