Rights and responsibilities

• What are three elements of the legal system?

  Laws, police, and courts and punishment
• What are rules?

  The way a group or organisations operates
• Whats a law?

  The way society is regulated
• Whats the equality act 2010?


  Protects people from discrimination in the workplace and in wider society. It brought together 116 separate pieces of legislation into one single act.
• Whats the European arrest warrant?

  A system within the European Union that allows a police force in one country to request a police force in another to arrest someone.
• What are chief (constables)?

  The majority of the force
• Whats PCSO?

  Police Community Support Officers - work with uniformed officers in the area
• What are police powers?

  Stop and search, power to arrest, and entry, search and seizure
• Whats stop and search?

  A police officer may do this to any person or vehicle for stolen items and prohibited articles. The officer must have reasonable grounds to do this
• Whats power to arrest?

  The police have statutory power to do this as long as the individual is involved in committing or attempting to commit a criminal offence. The police must use reasonable force and tell the suspect why they are being arrested
• Whats entry search and seizure?

  A police officer must have a warrant in order to do this. There must be reasonable grounds for believing that an offence had been committed or the premises is valuable for an investigation
• Whats CPS?

  Crown Prosecution Service - Decides whether the evidence is sufficient to charge the accused and what the charge should be
• Whats a judicary?

  The system of judges
• Whats civil law?

  Settle arguments/disputes between individuals or groups
• Civil law courts?

  County (single judge, decides whose right sets damages)

  High (more than £100,000 single judge in royal courts of justice)

  Appeal (3 judges decide verdict of appealed cases)

  Supreme (highest rank, 12 judges, most important)
• Whats criminal law?

  Behaviour thats serious, states feels need to be discourage & prevented with punishment
• Criminal courts?

  Magistrates (judge decides whose guilty, sets sentence)

  Crown (more serious crime, jury decides)

  Appeal (3 judges decide original verdict in appealed cases)

  Supreme(highest rank, 12 judges, most important)
• Roles of the police?

  Maintain law and order, protect members of the public and their property, prevent, detect and investigate crime
• 4 causes of crime?

  Social factor (friends etc.), Environmental factor (poverty etc.), Psychological factor (human nature of greed), and Addiction
• Whats the magna carta?

  Signed by King John in 1215, the magna carta stated that everyone , even the king was subject to the law.
• Basic legal rights of magna carta?

  The right to a free trial, The use of juries, Not being arrested without reason
• Difference of youth court to adult court?

  No jury

  No public

  Parent/guardian must be there

  Offenders called by first name

  Serious cases- start in youth court- move to crown court
• Non custodial sentence?

  Discharge- guilty of minor crime- let out

  Fine- less serious crimes

  Community sentence- someone allowed back in society e.g. unpaid work, criminal meet victims
• Whats common law?

  Judge decides whether or not law is broken in unclear situation
• Priveledges of young offenders?

  More support than older person

  Without apropiate adult, police cannot question

  To give caution- must be evidence ,youth admits, given programme, rehab &education
• Custodial sentence?

  Prison- offender who poses risk to public

  Suspended sentence- Given to offender if they offend again, if not free to live their life
• Point of sentencing?

  Deter people from commiting crime

  Punish offenders

  Rehabilitate offender

  Protect community

  Give back to those affected
• Youth arrests & justice system?

  Aim not to punish but ensure young people don't end up in trouble again

  33% of all youth arrests are male

  6% found guilty given custodial sentence

  10% of all UK arrests are 10-17 with 10% of population again 10-17
• Statue law?

  Known as legislation- laws made by parliament, long process, writing up long detailed law
• Principles of law?

  Treat people equally

  Equal access

  Innocent to guilty

  Punish people when morally wrong
• Human right act 1998?

  Made by labour goverment & Tony Blair

  Protects people- right to fair trial & education
• Whats a violent crime?

  Violence against the person
• Acts made?

  Race relations- 1965

  Equal pay- 1970

  Sex discrimination- 1975

  Disability discrimination-1995

  Equality act -2010
• Re-offending rate for a 1 year prison sentence?

  60%
• European convention of human rights?

  1950- made by council of europe

  rights- death penalty cannot be sued, right to life, freedom, expression
• Geneva and hague conventions?

  1864, every country in world signed up for this, protects people in war
• UN convention of human rights

  1989, convention adopted to right to education & protection
• Human declaration of human rights?


  After ww2, body made it easier for countries to work together in future

  UN made it agreed single list- right of education, innocent till guilty, have a family
• International humanitarian law?

  Sets out rights and obligations of those involved in an armed conflict. Main points contained withing the Geneva conventions 1949 and the Hague Convention of 1899 [ and 1907]
• Internationl criminal court?

  The first permanent court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression