Paper 1

• What is a petition?

  Collections of signatures indicating support for an agreed statement.
• Whats leafleting?

  Distributing materials that support a particular point of view.
• Whats lobbying?


  Citizens approaching their MP's to raise an issue
• Whats direct action?

  Non-violent or violent protesting
• Whats a boycott?

  People refuse to buy a company's product because of a particular cause
• Whats a demonstration?

  Public meetings or parades in which people show how they feel about an issue
• Whats media promotion?

  Staging events and protests to attract media attention and publicity
• Benefits of use of celebrity?

  By attracting celebrities, support groups are often able to gain media coverage and boost the number of their supporters.
• Benefits of E-Media?

  Enables groups to contact supporters quickly
• Types of groups?

  Single-cause, Multi-cause, Protective, Promotional
• Whats anarchy?

  No government- theres a breakdown
• Whats dictatorship?

  Rule by one person/group. Usually after military takeover e.g. North Korea- Kim Jong Un
• One party state?

  State w/ 1 existing political party. Usually associated with communism e.g. China
• Theocracy?

  Religous leaders run the state e.g. Iran
• What power is UK?

  Democracy- government based on will of people
• Whats direct democracy?

  System of government, where citizens take part in decision-making, vote in free, fair elections. In UK, this is every 5 years
• Positives of direct democracy?

  Ppl vote on specific issues they're interested in

  Increased participation (30 mil in EU referendum)

  Stops government making unpopular decisions
• Negatives of direct democracy?

  Mps elected as they are experts

  Expensive

  Uniformed people make important decisions
• Whats liberal democracy?

  System of goverment based upon representative democracy- linked w/ freedoms and rights of citizens
• Whats representative democracy?


  System of government, where citizens elected to represent others in assembly, e.g. MPs in UK
• Positives of representive democracy?

  MPs are experts- make best decision

  Prevents uniformed people have a say

  If they don't follow public wishes, lose job in following elections
• Negatives of representive democracy?

  Encourages deception

  Majority rules over minority

  Frequent, open communication to be effective
• What are rights?

  Things you can do (right to live, movement)

  Social, legal, ethical entitlements considered building blocks
• What are reponsibilities?

  Things you have to do (pay tax, jury duty)
• Whats an equal society?

  Society concerned about inequalities & stive to ensure society based upon concept of equality
• Whats a freedom?

  Power/right to speak/act/think as one wants e.g. freedom of choice, press and movement
• Whats the cabinet?

  Most senior members of the government, appointed by the PM. E.g. Chancellor of the Exchequer, Foreign secretary, Minister of Defence, Home secretary.
• Whats legislature?

  (Parliment) House of commons & lords. Power to make and change law
• Whats executive?

  Senior civil servants & advisors. Power to put law into action
• Whats judiciary?

  Judges &court system. Power to make judgements on law
• Who does cabinet include?

  Foreign secretary, chancellor, ministor for education, etc
• Who excerices executive power?

  Prime minister and party coalition with majority of seats in house of commons. Currently, Rishi Sunak & conservatives
• Whats cabinet also called?

  Core executive
• How does the legislature work?

  Law-making body

  Scrutinise PM's decisions, vote on government proposals and make new laws
• Whats parliamentary sovereignty?

  Supreme authority
• Whatc bicameral?

  Two chambers (house of lords, house of commons)
• How to pass bill?

  Bill passed by parliment gains legitimate power when monarch approves
• Whats the monarch's power?

  Power transferred to elected government

  Appoints PM after general election

  Each year formally opens parliment & reads speech
• What are 5 functions of parliment?

  Holding government accountable

  Making and changing law

  Checking, challenging government's work

  Debating day's important issues

  Checking & approving government spending
• Whats the speaker?

  MP, elected by other MPs, chair house of commons proceding, manadge buisness of house