unethical - milgram

• deception - pts were not told true aim
• right to withdraw - not given, pts may have felt obliged to stay because it was a paid agreement
• protection from psychological harm - pts suffered from short term anxiety and pts would have suffered loss of self esteem in long term from giving shocks
• value of research - gives an 'obedience alibi' to holocaust perpetrators and so research can be misapplied and so unethical