Proteins

• Consists of:

  C H O N and sometimes P Fe S
• Monomer of proteins

  Amino acids

  their are 20 diffrent types of amino acids
• Amino acids bond types

  Amino acids bond with a peptide bond

  2 amino acids bonded are called a dipeptide

  4-49 is a polypeptide

  50 or more is a protein
• Primary structure

  Sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
• Secondary structure

  Refers to the local folded structures of polypeptides
• Tertiary structure 


  3D folding between two polypeptide chains
• Quaternary structure

  Interaction between multiple polypeptide chains know as subunits

  (not all proteins have this structure)
• Biological importance of proteins 


  
  

  • key structural and mechanical functions and found in hair, skin, bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments
  • 
    
  • cell communication as they allow transport of larger substances across cell membrane and also some hormones
  • haemoglobin transports oxygen around the body and is a form of protein
  • antibodies which are made from white blood cells and function in the immune system are made of proteins
  • energy reserve when broken down through digestive processes
  • enzymes are made of protein and are important in cataloging cellular reaction that form part of metabolism
• Denaturing in protein


  Proteins denature when the pH or temptreuture is above or below normal levels