sts 1st LE

• Quorum sensing is the language of bacteria that they release in the form of chemical signals
• quorum sensing cannot be achieved with a single bacterium, they must be in sufficient concentration
• Bacteria communicate to react in rapidly changing conditions in the environment such as: availability of nutrients, evasion of toxic molecules, and defense against bacteria.
• cell density determines the factor that triggers bioluminescence
• Alexander Tomasz observed quorum sensing in bacteria that caused pneumonia
• Nelson, Platt, & Hastings discovered "glow" from a nocturnal bobtail squid emitted by millions of marine bacteria cells called Vibrio fischeri living underneath the skin of squid
• symbiosis is when two parties benefit from one another
• Bioluminescence is the ability of living organisms to emit light
• Pathogenic disease causing bacteria are dependent on quorum sensing to launch virulence
• Greenberg identified the role of quorum sensing in the virulence of bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa form a compact thin strip of their dense population called biofilm
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces pyoverdine which is a siderophore
• Siderophore are known as "iron carriers" that transport iron for biochemical reactions
• Acyl-homoserine lactone is an autoinducer that trigger the expression of the set of genes for bioluminescence is called lux
• The expressed enzyme or protein called luciferase catalyzes is a chemical reaction that produces light
• Autoinducer 2 is a chemical signal inducer found to be widespread in the microbial world facilitating interspecies communication .
• Antibiotic degrading enzymes are produced by bacteria to counter attack antibiotics
• Magnetotactic bacteria include cells that are magnetically responsive due to the presence of nano-sized membrane bound magnetic crystals of magnetite
• The organized structures of magnetotactic bacteria are called magnetosomes or magnetofossils
• Ferric Uptake Regulator is an iron take up system that acts as a traffic enforcer to regulate influx of iron to avoid toxic effects
• Bioluminescent bacteria glows and are symbionts of of marine organisms
• Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to enhance our lives and environment
• Philippines is the 5th most mineral rich country in the world and is home to the Copper-Gold deposit
• All regions allow mining operations except NCR and ARMM
• 30 hectares of land areas in the Philippines are deemed possible areas for metallic minerals
• Philippines mining deposits are about 21. 5 Billion metric tons while nonmetallic deposits are about 19.3 billion metric tons
• Mining tax is low at 2%
• total of 1828 mining applications in the Philippines
• Garbology is the study of modern culture through analysis of what is thrown away
• Magnetotactic bacteria was discovered by Blakemore
• In High iron density magnetotactic bacteria forms magnetite
• Magnetotactic bacteria produce magnets for magnetonavigation and magnetoreception
• 2 conditions for magnetosome include; low or 0 concentration of oxygen and High iron
• Plasmid carry genes for antibiotic resistance
• Vaccines programs immune system to target antibodies
• Common pond scum or lumot can be a resource of microscopic solar powered oil wells
• Microalgae can be mass produced as it can multiply within 24 hours
• Raceways are open ponds where microalgae can be harvested from and provide greater oil yield in a short time
• Photobioreactors produce fuel yielding microalgae without the cons of raceways
• Botrycoccus braunii are single celled superscum that produce a higher amount of substance called hydrocarbon that closely resembles contents in crude oil in fossil fuels