Fundamentals

• Florence Nightingale (1860/1969) - defined health as a state of being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) (1948) - defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well- being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."
• Talcott Parsons (1951) - an eminent American sociologist and creator of the concept "sick role," conceptualized health as the ability to maintain normal roles
• U.S. President's Commission on Health Needs - said: "Health is not a condition; it is an adjustment. It is not a state but a process.
• ANA (2010) - states, "Health and illness are human experiences. The presence of illness does not preclude health, nor does optimal health preclude illness"
• Wellness - state of well-being.
• Wellness - emotional health.
• Wellness - the state of being healthy and free from illness or injury.
• Wellness - self-responsibility.
• Wellness - ultimate goal.
• Wellness - dynamic, growing process.
• Wellness - whole being of the individual.
• Well-being - subjective perception of vitality and feeling well.
• Illness - state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social developmental or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired.
• illness - a condition characterized by a deviation from a normal, healthy state.
• Disease - a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms
• 3 Stages of Illness:

  1. Stage of Denial
  2. Stage of Acceptance
  3. Stage of Recovery / Rehabilization
• Stage of Denial - Refusal to acknowledge illness; anxiety, fear, irritability and aggressiveness.
• Stage of Acceptance - turns to professional help for assistance
• Stage of Recovery (Rehabilitation) - The patient goes through of resolving loss of impairment of function.
• PRIMARY Prevention - an intervention implemented before there is evidence of a disease or injury
• Primary Prevention - Reduce or eliminate causative risk factors (risk reduction)
• SECONDARY Prevention - an intervention Implemented after a disease has begun, but before it is symptomatic.
• Secondary Prevention - Early identification (through screening) and treatment.
• TERTIARY Prevention - an intervention implemented after a disease or injury is established.
• Tertiary Prevention - prevent sequelae (stop bad things from getting worse).
• Factors Affecting Health and Illness:

  1. Physical Dimension
  2. Emotional Dimension
  3. Intellectual Dimension
• Physical Dimension - genetic make-up, age, developmental level, race and sex.
• Physical Dimension - strongly influence health status and health practices.
• Emotional Dimension - how the mind and body interact to affect body function and to respond to body conditions also influences health. Long term stress affects the body systems and anxiety affects health habits; conversely, calm acceptance and relaxation can actually change body responses to illness.
• Emotional Dimension - how the mind and body interact to affect body function
• Emotional Dimension - to respond to body conditions also influences health. Long term stress affects the body systems and anxiety affects health habits; conversely, calm acceptance and relaxation can actually change body responses to illness.
• Intellectual Dimension - encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background and past experiences.
• Intellectual Dimension - influence a client's responses to teaching about health and reactions to health care during illness. They also play a major role in health behaviors
• Major Areas of Risk Factors:

  1. Age
  2. Genetic Factors
  3. Physiologic Factors
  4. Health Habits
  5. Lifestyle
  6. Psychological Factor
  7. Environment
• Profession - an occupation that requires extensive education.
• Nursing falls into 3 categories:

  1. Non-degree
  2. Degree
  3. Graduate Studies and Specialization
• Non-degree:

  1. Certified Nurse's Aides (CNA)
  2. Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)
  3. Nursing Attendants Philippines (NAP)
• Degree:

  1. Registered Nurse (RN)
• Graduate Studies and Specialization

  1. Masters Degree
  2. Doctorate Degree