definitions

• consumer durables - goods that are bought for personal use, such as cars, TVs, and washing machines
• design mix - the combination of the different elements of a design that are used to create a product; Aesthetics, Functionality, Branding, user experience
• Ergonomics - the study of people in their working environment
• Ethical sourcing - ensuring that the products are made in a way that is ethical and fair to the workers
• Product design - the process of creating a product that meets the needs of the customer.
• resource depletion - the use of a resource is greater than the rate at which it can be replaced
• waste minimisation - reducing the amount of waste produced by a business, by reusing, recycling and reducing waste
• Above-the-line promotion - A less focused marketing technique that reaches a larger/wider target audience
• advertising - paid-for communication, aimed at informing or persuading
• Below-the-line promotion - advertising strategy where products are promoted in media other than mainstream radio or television
• emotional branding - creating a brand that directly appeals to the customer's emotional state
• generic brands - a type of consumer product on the market that lacks a widely recognised name or logo because it typically isn't adveretised
• manufacture brands - brands that are owned and marketed by producers
• marketing mix - the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives
• merchandising - the presentation and promotion of goods that are available for purchase for bone wholesale and retail sale
• own-label brands - products sold under the owners own brand name, rather than a brand owned by a third party
• point of sale merchandising - items for sale near the check out queue
• promotion - Techniques used to make products known to consumers.
• sales promotion - Tactical, point of sales meterial or other incentives designed to stimulate purchases. 
• sponsorship - getting celebrities to endorse your products or services
• viral marketing - promotional methods that naturally explode through word or mouth and digital buzz
• competitive pricing - price your products based on thee prices being offered by your competitors
• cost plus pricing - Setting a price that takes into account all assoicated costs.
• mark up - increase the price of a product or service by a certain percentage to make a profit
• penetration pricing - Setting lower prices to achieve a higher market share.
• predatory/destroyer pricing - The pricing of goods or services at such a low level that other firms cannot compete and are forced to leave the market.
• product life cycle - the stages a product goes through from conception to discontinuation which are product introduction, growth, maturity and decline
• psychological pricing - Using price as a way of influencing consumer's behaviour or perceptions.  e.g 99p rather than £1
• price skimming - Pricing strategy where a higher price is charged for a new product to take advantage of customers prepared to pay for innovation.
• unit costs - The unit cost measures the average cost per unit produced, as measured over a particular time period (e.g. month, year).
• agent/broke - an individual or company that assists mainly in the purchase and sale of small, main street businesses
• breaking bulk - process that allows companies to store inventory in larger quantities without using expensive storage facilities
• direct selling - selling products by dealing directly with consumers rather than through intermediaries. 
• distribution - the way the product gets to the consumer so they can buy it
• distribution channel - How a business gets its products to the end customer.
• e- commerce - the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet
• intermediaries - people who help the producer to sell their products to the consumer
• retailer - A person or organisation that sells goods to consumers.
• wholesaler - An intermediary entity in the distribution channel that buys in bulk and sells to resellers rather than to consumers.
• Boston matrix - Boston Matrix is a model which helps businesses analyse their portfolio of businesses and brands. There are four categories; stars, cash cows, Dogs and question marks