cultural variations

• what was izjendoorn and kroonenburg's study?

  • meta analysed 32 studies of strange situation in 8 countries 
  • Secure attachment was most common however proportion varied from 75% in Britain to 50% in china
  • In individualist cultures rates of insecure resistant was similar to Ainsworth’s study(under 14%) but in collectivist cultures they were above 25%
  • Variations between  results of studies within the same country were 150% greater than those between countries 
• what was simonelli et al study?

  • Assessed 76 italian babies ages 12 months using the strange situation 
  • They found 50% were secure and 36% avoidant. Which is the lowest and highest for the two 
  • Increase in mothers that work in long hours and use childcare
• what was jin et al study?

  • Used the strange situation to assess 87 korean babies 
  • Most babies were secure 
  • More were resistant which was the same as japan 
• what is good about indigenous researchers?

  Come from the same cultural backgrounds as the participants Any potential problems in cross cultural research can be avoided as they can communicate better Enhances validity 
• what is a limitation over cultural variations?

  Sample characteristics such as poverty and social class can confound results Environmental variables e.g size of the room can confound results May not tell us anything 
• what is a limitation of cultural variations?

  Assumed the idea and technique of the strange situation would work in other countries the same way as it did in the US + britain In britain and US lack of affection could mean avoidant attachment but in germany it could mean independenceThey may not have the same meanings in different cultures so comparing them is meaningless