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Microbiology
Virology
retroviridae and togaviridae
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Created by
keerthana
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Cards (34)
What type of virus family is Togaviridae?
Enveloped
Icosahedral
ss RNA
virus family
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What is the structure of the Togaviridae virion?
Enveloped spherical virion with a
double lipid envelope
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What is the approximate size of Togaviridae ssRNA?
~
11.7kb
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How is Togaviridae transmitted?
Via
invertebrate
vectors, except
Rubella virus
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Name a genus within the Togaviridae family.
Genus
Alphavirus
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What disease does the Rubella virus cause?
Rubella or
German Measles
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What are the infection routes for Rubella virus?
Air and
transplacental
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What are the symptoms of Rubella infection?
Low grade fever, sore throat, rash,
lymphadenopathy
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Why is Rubella virus particularly dangerous for pregnant women?
It can lead to
congenital Rubella syndrome
and
abortions
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How is Rubella virus prevented?
By an
obligatory
vaccine as part of the
MMR
combination
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What are the sample sources for laboratory diagnosis of Rubellavirus?
Throat swab
, blood,
urine
, and feces
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What methods are used for diagnosing Rubellavirus?
Cell cultures
,
microbiological
and serological tests
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What is a specific serological test for Rubellavirus?
Latex agglutination test
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What happens in the Haemagglutination Inhibition Test?
If
antibody
is present,
RBCs
will not agglutinate
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What indicates a positive result in the Haemagglutination Inhibition Test?
A well circumscribed button of
unagglutinated
RBCs
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What type of virus family is Retroviridae?
Spherical,
enveloped
virion
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How many ssRNA does Retroviridae contain?
2X ssRNA (+) ~
11kb
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What enzyme does the Retroviridae virion contain?
Reverse transcriptase
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What is the first step in the life cycle of Retroviridae?
Reverse transcriptase
creates
circular DNA
from
viral RNA
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What happens after viral DNA integrates into the host's DNA?
Host remains
chronically
infected
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What are the transmission routes for HIV?
Sexual,
perinatal
, and parenteral
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What are the consequences of HIV infection?
Leads to
opportunistic
infections and cancers
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What is the sample source for laboratory diagnosis of HIV?
Serum
blood
samples
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What methods are used for HIV laboratory diagnosis?
Molecular biological
and
serological
tests
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What is the window period for HIV antibody detection?
6 months
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What is the advantage of HIV NA detection?
Allows for early
diagnostics
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What is the typical initial screening method for HIV testing?
Rapid tests
/
ELISA
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What follows a positive initial HIV test?
A Second
ELISA
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What is the basic principle of ELISA?
Antigens
/
antibodies
bind to a surface
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How does the ELISA for HIV antibody/antigen work?
Color change indicates the presence of
antibodies
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What is the purpose of Western blot analysis?
To visualize
specific
viral
proteins recognized by antibodies
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What is the procedure for Western blot analysis?
Electrophoresis
separates
viral
proteins, then blotted
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What happens if virus-specific antibodies are present in Western blot analysis?
They
bind
to
their
corresponding
viral
protein
bands
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How are bands visualized in Western blot analysis?
Using a
phosphate-labeled
anti-human immunoglobulin
conjugate
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