retroviridae and togaviridae

Cards (34)

  • What type of virus family is Togaviridae?
    Enveloped Icosahedral ss RNA virus family
  • What is the structure of the Togaviridae virion?
    Enveloped spherical virion with a double lipid envelope
  • What is the approximate size of Togaviridae ssRNA?
    ~11.7kb
  • How is Togaviridae transmitted?
    Via invertebrate vectors, except Rubella virus
  • Name a genus within the Togaviridae family.
    Genus Alphavirus
  • What disease does the Rubella virus cause?
    Rubella or German Measles
  • What are the infection routes for Rubella virus?
    Air and transplacental
  • What are the symptoms of Rubella infection?
    Low grade fever, sore throat, rash, lymphadenopathy
  • Why is Rubella virus particularly dangerous for pregnant women?
    It can lead to congenital Rubella syndrome and abortions
  • How is Rubella virus prevented?
    By an obligatory vaccine as part of the MMR combination
  • What are the sample sources for laboratory diagnosis of Rubellavirus?
    Throat swab, blood, urine, and feces
  • What methods are used for diagnosing Rubellavirus?
    Cell cultures, microbiological and serological tests
  • What is a specific serological test for Rubellavirus?
    Latex agglutination test
  • What happens in the Haemagglutination Inhibition Test?
    If antibody is present, RBCs will not agglutinate
  • What indicates a positive result in the Haemagglutination Inhibition Test?
    A well circumscribed button of unagglutinated RBCs
  • What type of virus family is Retroviridae?
    Spherical, enveloped virion
  • How many ssRNA does Retroviridae contain?
    2X ssRNA (+) ~ 11kb
  • What enzyme does the Retroviridae virion contain?
    Reverse transcriptase
  • What is the first step in the life cycle of Retroviridae?
    Reverse transcriptase creates circular DNA from viral RNA
  • What happens after viral DNA integrates into the host's DNA?
    Host remains chronically infected
  • What are the transmission routes for HIV?
    Sexual, perinatal, and parenteral
  • What are the consequences of HIV infection?
    Leads to opportunistic infections and cancers
  • What is the sample source for laboratory diagnosis of HIV?
    Serum blood samples
  • What methods are used for HIV laboratory diagnosis?
    Molecular biological and serological tests
  • What is the window period for HIV antibody detection?
    6 months
  • What is the advantage of HIV NA detection?
    Allows for early diagnostics
  • What is the typical initial screening method for HIV testing?
    Rapid tests/ELISA
  • What follows a positive initial HIV test?
    A Second ELISA
  • What is the basic principle of ELISA?
    Antigens/antibodies bind to a surface
  • How does the ELISA for HIV antibody/antigen work?
    Color change indicates the presence of antibodies
  • What is the purpose of Western blot analysis?
    To visualize specific viral proteins recognized by antibodies
  • What is the procedure for Western blot analysis?
    Electrophoresis separates viral proteins, then blotted
  • What happens if virus-specific antibodies are present in Western blot analysis?
    They bind to their corresponding viral protein bands
  • How are bands visualized in Western blot analysis?
    Using a phosphate-labeled anti-human immunoglobulin conjugate