they can occur between two ions in an ionic bond or between atoms i a covalent bond
polarmolecules
is a chemical species in which the distribution of electrons between covalently bonded atoms is not even
nonpolar molecules
completely symmetric, has even distribution of electrons around molecule. The dipole moment vectors will cancel each other out, making the molecule ___
Electronegativity
is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract shared atoms to itself.
left to right, you move down a group
On the periodic table, electronegativity generally increases as you move from ____ across a period and decreases as
polar
there are different terminal atoms
polar
there is/are lone pair/s around central atom
london dispersion forces, temporary dipole
weakest among intermolecular forces in a nonpolar molecule create __
polarizability
tendency to create temporary dipole is called ____
Ion-dipole interaction
arises from the interaction between ion (cation and anion) and a polar molecule
dipole-dipole interaction
imf exhibited by polar molecule in which positive end attracts the negative end of another polar molecule
Hydrogen bonding
a special kind of dipole-dipole interactionwith the involvement of hydrogen.
Hydrogen bonding
also important in holding together the complimentary nitrogenous bases in DNA as well as the formation of protein structure
viscosity
refers to the measure of liquid’s resistance to flow
strong IMF
highly viscous means __
Surface tension
amount of resistance needed to increase the surface area of liquids
vapor pressure
pressure of vapor (gas) present at equilibrium
weak IMF
high vapor pressure means
lower vapor pressure
high IMF in liquids
boiling point
a liquid boils when its vapor pressure is equal to the prevailing atmospheric pressure
101 325 Pa.
boiling point of liquid is equal to the standard pressure of
Melting point (freezing point)
is the temperature at which solid and liquid ohases coexist in a equilibrium
Sublimation
some solids vaporize at atmospheric pressure without passing through the liquid state